Characteristics of Isolated and Storm‐Time Ion Injections

Abstract

The injection of energetic particles is considered as one of the basic characteristics at the onset of magnetospheric substorm. Dispersionless injection refers to the sudden increase in the flux of particles (tens to hundreds of keV) simultaneously in different energy channels. It has been studied extensively (

Evidence of H+‐Band EMIC Waves in the Inner Radiation Belt Observed by Van Allen Probes During Magnetic Storms

“…It is well known that the thermal anisotropy of ring current 10-100 keV ions provides free energy for the EMIC wave instability. Plasma injected or transported into nightside of the inner magnetosphere (Dai et al, 2015(Dai et al, , 2014He et al, 2012He et al, , 2016He et al, , 2023Xiong et al, 2022) and pressure enhancement at dayside (Remya et al, 2015;Tsurutani et al, 2016) could both change the distribution of ring current. Substorm ion injections associated with H + -band EMIC waves at L between 5 and 6 have been studied (Jun et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2021;Remya et al, 2018], however the isolated ion injections during substorms have been rarely observed in the inner zone.…”