Characteristics of integrated magneto-optical traps for atom chips

Atom-number amplification in a magneto-optical trap via stimulated light forces

“…More sophisticated modeling shows that N SS ∝ d 3.6 [8], which is consistent with experimental measurements for trapping volumes greater than 1 cm 3 [7,8]. Recent experimental results on millimeter-scale pyramidal traps [10] show a stronger scaling, with N SS ∝ d 6 . This scaling can be understood using a model in which the cooling force is proportional to the atom velocity, in which case v cap ∝ d and the above equations result in N SS ∝ d 6 .…”

Chip-scale atomic devices

“…Novel microfabricated structures, such as pyramidal [294][295][296][297][298] and grating-based reflectors, [299][300][301] have also been used to trap and cool atoms in simple, compact optical geometries. Atom chips 302 remain a compelling approach to manipulating laser-cooled atoms at the micro-scale and the compact systems 303 are beginning to be developed as clocks.…”

Utilising diffractive optics towards a compact, cold atom clock

“…The GMOT achieves equalised radiation pressure from balancing the intensities of a single incident beam by the diffracted orders from the grating surface [2], [3]. Previous optical tools for simplifying laser cooling and trapping have been demonstrated [13], [14], [15], [16], however, as discussed in previous work, the GMOT out-performs these devices on size, reproducibility, robustness and trapping capabilities [5]. These properties make the GMOT the ideal candidate for a compact atomic clock.…”