Characteristics of InGaAs Submonolayer Quantum-Dot and InAs Quantum-Dot Photonic-Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Hong, Yang; Hsu, I-Chen; Chang, Ya-Wen; Lai, Fang‐I; Yu, Hsin-Chieh; Lin, Gray; Hsiao, R. S.; Maleev, N. A.; Blokhin, S. A.; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Chi, J.Y.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.922172

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…4.11). GaAs-based PhC-VCSELs have reached a singlemode power of 3.1 mW (MSR > 30 dB) at 850 nm [39], 5.7 mW (MSR > 35 dB) at 990 nm [40] and 1.7 mW (MSR > 30 dB) at 1.3 µm [41]. A particular problem for such PhC-VCSELs is the increased optical loss and electrical resistance caused by the deep holes, leading to relatively high threshold currents and low power efficiency.…”

Section: Inherently Single-mode Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Mode VCSELs

Larsson

Gustavsson

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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The only active transverse mode in a truly single-mode VCSEL is the fundamental mode with a near Gaussian field distribution. A single-mode VCSEL produces a light beam of higher spectral purity, higher degree of coherence and lower divergence than a multimode VCSEL and the beam can be more precisely shaped and focused to a smaller spot. Such beam properties are required in many applications. In this chapter, after discussing applications of single-mode VCSELs, we introduce the basics of fields and modes in VCSELs and review designs implemented for singlemode emission from VCSELs in different materials and at different wavelengths. This includes VCSELs that are inherently single-mode as well as inherently multimode VCSELs where higher-order modes are suppressed by mode selective gain or loss. In each case we present the current state-of-the-art and discuss pros and cons. At the end, a specific example with experimental results is provided and, as a summary, the most promising designs based on current technologies are identified. IntroductionThe vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is an attractive light source for an expanding range of applications. Due to low cost manufacturing, low power consumption, simplified packaging, attractive beam properties (circular and low divergence beam) and excellent high-speed modulation characteristics at low currents, it has replaced the edge-emitting laser in short-reach optical communication links

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Section: Inherently Single-mode Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Mode VCSELs

Larsson

Gustavsson

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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“…Nevertheless, with the increase of transverse dimension, thermal effects and spatial hole burning effects result in the appearance of higher order modes [5]. So far, several methods have been developed for single mode high power VCSELs with low divergence angle beams, such as the surface relief structure [6,7], the anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide structure [8], the wedge-shaped holey structure [9], and the photonic crystal waveguide structure [10][11][12][13], which is also called photonic crystal VCSEL (PC-VCSEL). In the PC-VCSEL, a single defect photonic crystal pattern is etched into the top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since the etching depth and the ratio of the hole diameter to the lattice constant for the single fundamental mode operation are not stringent, there is a good reproducibility in fabricating single mode high power PC-VCSELs [14,15]. Therefore, it can be seen that PC VCSELs have been investigated intensively over the past years [2,[10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A novel photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser based on coherent coupling

Liu

Xing

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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We demonstrate a novel oxide confined GaAs-based photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PC-VCSEL) operating at a wavelength of 850 nm based on coherent coupling. A ring-shaped light-emitting aperture is added to the conventional PC-VCSEL, and coherent coupling is achieved between the central defect aperture and the ring-shaped light-emitting aperture. Measurements show that under the continuous-wave (CW) injected current of 20 mA, a high power of 2 mW is obtained, and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is larger than 20 dB. The average divergence angle is 4.2° at the current level of 20 mA. Compared with the results ever reported, the divergence angle is reduced. photonic crystal, vertical cavity surface emitting laser, coherent coupling, divergence angle, single mode Citation: Liu A J, Qu H W, Xing M X, et al. A novel photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser based on coherent coupling.

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“…monolithic QD VCSELs [10], [11]. The eye diagram, frequency response, and intermodulation distortion of 1.3-m monolithic QD VCSEL without and with external light injection have been described [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Characteristics of Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser With Light Injection

Peng

Lan

et al. 2010

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-This investigation explores experimentally the optical characteristics of long-wavelength quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (QD VCSELs). The InAs QD VCSEL, fabricated on a GaAs substrate, is grown by molecular beam epitaxy with fully doped distributed Bragg reflectors. The optical characteristics of QD VCSEL without and with light injection are studied in detail. The QD VCSEL has the potential to be used in all-optical signal processing systems.

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Characteristics of InGaAs Submonolayer Quantum-Dot and InAs Quantum-Dot Photonic-Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Single-Mode VCSELs

Single-Mode VCSELs

A novel photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser based on coherent coupling

Polarization Characteristics of Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser With Light Injection

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