Characteristics of Information Available on Fire and Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States

Gucker, Corey L.; Zouhar, Kris; Smith, Jane Kapler; Stone, Katharine

doi:10.4996/fireecology.0802057

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is perennial with herb, subshrub, and shrub types (Flora of North America, http://www.efloras.org/). Varieties often form prostrate woody mats of varying size (Gucker & Shaw 2019). A well‐developed taproot is consistent to its adaptation to xeric, rocky environments (Young‐Mathews 2012), but it also occupies mesic, subalpine, and alpine environments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of pollinators increases seed production (Young‐Mathews 2012; Gucker & Shaw 2019), but the extent of self‐pollination is undocumented. It provides nectar for many insects and is a larval host for many butterflies (Gucker & Shaw 2019). Blooming varies from June to September depending on variety, environmental adaptations, and local weather (Gucker & Shaw 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides nectar for many insects and is a larval host for many butterflies (Gucker & Shaw 2019). Blooming varies from June to September depending on variety, environmental adaptations, and local weather (Gucker & Shaw 2019). Seeds are light brown achenes 2–7 mm long that generally persist within the umbel for 2–3 weeks past maturity (Myer 2008) with seed dispersed by gravity and potentially enhanced by animals and moving water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With such a large geographic area representing many individual plants within many populations used in this study, the occurrence of several sulfur‐flower buckwheat varieties was all but inevitable. Varieties can be extremely variable within populations, and when proximate, intercrossing among varieties is common an intermediate forms may become stable and predominant (Gucker & Shaw 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using climate‐driven adaptive evolution to guide seed sourcing for restoration in a diverse North American herb‐shrub species

Johnson

Love

Carver

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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Seeds zones are bounded geographic areas to guide seed sourcing for landscape scale restoration. Yet seed zones based on plant adaptative traits are lacking for most restoration species. Sulfur‐flower buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum Torr) includes herbs, subshrubs, and shrubs adapted to a range of ecological regions within North America. Its widespread occurrence and diversity make it a suitable model species to explore seed zone development based on evolutionary plant adaptations. Within a common garden, 69 populations from diverse seed sources and 13 taxonomic varieties were evaluated for 17 phenological, morphological, and production traits in 2016 and 2017. Analyses of variance showed taxonomic varieties and seed source locations differed for all plant traits. Linear correlation revealed source locations with warmer mean temperature and more precipitation generally had later phenology, larger umbels, more leaf area, higher leaf dry weight, and more seed and shoot dry weight production. Canonical correlation strongly linked seed source climates at source locations with plant traits evaluated in the common garden, suggesting climate‐driven adaptive evolution. Canonical variates 1 and 2, explaining 60% of the variation, were used to develop regression models that predicted their values from climate variables across the study area. Using geographic information technology these were mapped into 12 seed zones representing 1.31 million km2 in the Western United States. These zones were designed to provide guidance to practitioners when sourcing sulfur‐flower buckwheat for restoration projects. We expect this methodology can be successfully applied to other species to develop seed zones based on adaptive evolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Using climate‐driven adaptive evolution to guide seed sourcing for restoration in a diverse North American herb‐shrub species

Johnson

Love

Carver

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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“…In western North America, the fly occurs from California in the United States of America to southern British Columbia in Canada (Foote et al . 1993), where it attacks red osier dogwood ( Cornus sericea Linnaeus; Cornaceae) as its principal host (Smith and Bush 1999), a common plant in riparian habitats (Gucker 2012). Very limited data in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia imply that the fly is rare there and that its peak adult emergence is two weeks later than of western cherry fruit fly ( Rhagoletis indifferens Curran) (Madsen 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eclosion and adult longevity traits ofRhagoletis tabellaria(Diptera: Tephritidae) andUtetes tabellariae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the laboratory

Yee¹,

Forbes

Feder

2020

Can Entomol

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Eclosion times and rates of Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its parasitoid wasp Utetes tabellariae (Fischer) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) held at different chilling durations were determined in the laboratory. Adult fly and wasp longevity were also determined. Adult female and male flies from R. tabellaria puparia chilled for 195 days at 4.8 °C and then held at 23.2 °C eclosed on average earlier than U. tabellariae reared from R. tabellaria puparia. Rhagoletis tabellaria also eclosed significantly earlier from puparia chilled for 150 days than 120 days at 2.7 °C, but U. tabellariae eclosion from the two treatments did not differ significantly. Rhagoletis tabellaria eclosion rates were greater with longer chill durations, but U. tabellariae eclosion rates per R. tabellaria puparium did not differ among chill durations. No R. tabellaria eclosed from nonchilled puparia held at 20–22 °C, but at least 18.8% of nonchilled U. tabellariae eclosed. Female and male R. tabellaria on average survived 52.1 and 83.3 days, respectively, while female and male U. tabellariae survived 37.7 and 28.7 days, respectively. Results indicate diapause and developmental traits of R. tabellaria may be more dependent on chilling durations and less flexible than those of U. tabellariae, a wasp that appears adapted to flies in the R. tabellaria species complex.

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A screening system to predict wildfire risk of invasive plants

Faccenda

Daehler

2021

Biol Invasions

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Globally, invasive plant-fueled wildfires have tremendous environmental, economical, and societal impacts, and the frequencies of wildfires and plant invasions are on an upward trend globally. Identifying which plant species tend to increase the frequency or severity of wildfire is important to help manage their impacts. We developed a screening system to identify introduced plant species that are likely to increase wildfire risk, using the Hawaiian Islands to test the system and illustrate how the system can be applied to inform management decisions. Expert-based fire risk scores derived from field experiences with 49 invasive species in Hawai′i were used to train a machine learning model that predicts expert fire risk scores from among 21 plant traits obtained from literature and databases. The model revealed that just four variables can identify species categorized as higher fire risk by experts with 90% accuracy, while low risk species were identified with 79% accuracy. We then used the predictive model to screen > 140 recently naturalized plants in Hawai′i to illustrate how the screening tool can be applied. The screening tool identified a managebly small set of species (6% of naturalizations in the last ~ 10 years) that are likely to pose a high fire risk and can be targeted for eradication or containment to reduce future wildfire risks. Because the screening system uses general plant traits that are likely relevant to fire risk in drylands around the world, it can likely be applied with minimal modification to other regions where invasive plants pose potential fire risks.

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Characteristics of Information Available on Fire and Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Using climate‐driven adaptive evolution to guide seed sourcing for restoration in a diverse North American herb‐shrub species

Using climate‐driven adaptive evolution to guide seed sourcing for restoration in a diverse North American herb‐shrub species

Eclosion and adult longevity traits ofRhagoletis tabellaria(Diptera: Tephritidae) andUtetes tabellariae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the laboratory

A screening system to predict wildfire risk of invasive plants

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