Characteristics of Individuals with Dry Eye Symptoms without Clinical Diagnosis: Analysis of a Web-Based Survey

Yamanishi, Ryutaro; Uchino, Makoto; Kawashima, Motoko; Uchino, Yuichi; Yokoi, Norihiko; Ohta, Michio

doi:10.3390/jcm8050721

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This heterogeneity made direct comparison between studies more challenging, if not impossible. In addition, several studies did not report their cut-off values for 'prolonged VDT use', thus not providing any information on the threshold limit for harmful daily VDT use duration (Hikichi et al 1995;Shimmura et al 1999;Viso et al 2009;Iyer et al 2012;Portello et al 2012;Bhargava et al 2014;Moon et al 2014;Kawashima et al 2015;Chałas et al 2018;Yamanishi et al 2019). Several of the studies using questionnaires only investigated CVS or related ocular symptoms, not DED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between visual display terminal use and dry eye: a review

Fjaervoll

Magnø

et al. 2021

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Background. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tear film and ocular surface. It causes ocular symptoms, reduced quality of life and a considerable economic burden on society. Prolonged use of visual display terminals (VDTs) has been suggested as an important risk factor for DED. Purpose. This review aims to study the association between DED and VDT use with an emphasis on the prevalence of DED among VDT users and harmful daily duration of VDT use. Methods. A PubMed search was conducted and yielded 57 relevant articles based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies were subclassified according to study design. Results. The far majority of the studies showed an association between VDT use and DED or DED-related signs and symptoms. The prevalence of definite or probable DED in VDT and office workers ranged from 26% to 70%, with as few as 1-2 hr of VDT exposure per day being associated with DED. Conclusion. VDT use is strongly associated with DED. VDT-associated DED is prevalent, but the exact prevalence needs to be further elucidated using standardized DED diagnosis criteria. Furthermore, a safe lower limit of daily VDT use has yet to be established. More research is needed on the effect of digitalization and digital transformation, which are particularly high during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between visual display terminal use and dry eye: a review

Fjaervoll

Magnø

et al. 2021

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…A three-step procedure can be a simple method for reaching the diagnosis of dry eye in 10 min in a low-tech office: (i) collect the patient's history by means of validated questionnaires and triage questions; (ii) observe without aid devices (e.g., skin, blinking) and with slit lamp biomicroscopy for the evaluation of inflammatory and/or eyelid disease; and (iii) perform first-level tests (break-up time, Schirmer test, vital dye staining, aesthesiometry) (Figure 1). A correct diagnosis able to determine the major causative factor(s) behind DED and assess disease severity is crucial for two main reasons, among others: (i) it will represent the basis for the choice of an appropriate therapeutic strategy [21]; and (ii) individuals who receive a diagnosis of DED had a significantly better DED-related quality of life (QoL) compared with those who did not [22]. In fact, a recent paper demonstrated that DED patients belonging to the undiagnosed group had a significantly worse score of DED-related QoL compared with patients who received a definitive diagnosis.…”

Section: False Myth #1: "Dry Eye Is Just a Disorder Or A Dysfunction"mentioning

confidence: 99%

False Myths versus Medical Facts: Ten Common Misconceptions Related to Dry Eye Disease

Giannaccare¹,

Scorcia²

2020

Biomedicines

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Since the first definition of dry eye, rapid progress has been made in this field over the past decades that has guided profound changes in the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of the disease. Although dry eye is one of the most frequently encountered ocular conditions, various “old” misconceptions persist, in particular among comprehensive ophthalmologists not specialized in ocular surface diseases. These misconceptions hamper the correct diagnosis and the proper management of dry eye in the routine clinical practice. In the present review, we described the 10 most common misconceptions related to dry eye and provided an evidence-based guide for reconsidering them using the format “false myth versus medical fact”. These misconceptions concern the dry eye definition and classification (#1, #2, #3), disease physiopathology (#4), diagnosis (#5), symptoms (#6, #7) and treatment (#8, #9, #10). Nowadays, dry eye is still an under-recognized and evolving disease that poses significant clinical challenges to ophthalmologists. The two major reasons behind these challenges include the heterogeneity of the conditions that fall under the umbrella term of dry eye and the common discrepancy between signs and symptoms.

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“…Patients with dry eye disease frequently seek over-the-counter artificial tear drops, gels, ointments, or lubricants as their first-line pharmacotherapy treatment 3 . This decision may involve other health care professionals, such as pharmacists, general practitioners, optometrists, and ophthalmologists, 4–6 or patients may self-manage their symptoms without a formal diagnosis 7 …”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of a Novel Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Supplement on Dry Eye Disease: A 3-month Randomized Controlled Trial

Ng¹,

Woods

Jahn³

et al. 2021

Optom Vis Sci

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SIGNIFICANCESupplementing diet with a novel combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids significantly improved symptoms in extremely symptomatic participants with dry eye disease (DED).PURPOSEThis study aimed to determine the effect of daily intake of a novel combination of essential fatty acids on signs and symptoms of DED.METHODSParticipants with moderate to severe DED were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked parallel group study. Participants ingested either the treatment supplement containing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (1200 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 300 mg docosahexaenoic acid, 150 mg γ-linoleic acid) or the placebo (coconut and olive oil) daily for 3 months. To determine compliance, Omega-3 Index blood tests were conducted. At baseline and at 1 and 3 months, the following assessments were conducted: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and Symptom Assessment Questionnaire in Dry Eye, noninvasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear osmolarity, ocular redness, surface staining, Schirmer test, and meibography.RESULTSFifty participants (mean ± standard deviation baseline OSDI score, 52.2 ± 16.5) completed the study: 24 randomized to treatment and 26 randomized to placebo. Although there was an improvement in OSDI score at 3 months for both groups (treatment: −13.4 points, P = .003; placebo: −7.8 points, P = .02), participants with baseline OSDI scores >52 demonstrated an even larger significant improvement in symptoms with the treatment at 3 months compared with baseline (n = 13, −20.8 points, P = .002). There were no significant changes in any of the ocular assessments at 1 or 3 months (all P > .05). After 3 months, Omega-3 Index increased by 34% in the treatment group (baseline, 5.3 ± 0.8; 3 months, 8.0 ± 2.1; P < .001) and did not change in the placebo group (baseline, 4.8 ± 0.8; 3 months, 4.8 ± 0.6; P = .95).CONCLUSIONSSupplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and γ-linoleic acid resulted in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement of dry eye symptoms in extremely symptomatic participants with DED (OSDI ≥52).

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Characteristics of Individuals with Dry Eye Symptoms without Clinical Diagnosis: Analysis of a Web-Based Survey

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

The association between visual display terminal use and dry eye: a review

The association between visual display terminal use and dry eye: a review

False Myths versus Medical Facts: Ten Common Misconceptions Related to Dry Eye Disease

Effect of a Novel Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Supplement on Dry Eye Disease: A 3-month Randomized Controlled Trial

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