Characteristics of <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) aerial spore rodlet mosaic

Smucker, Richard A.; Pfister, Robert M.

doi:10.1139/m78-066

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This above suggests that SapA varies tremendously across the Actinomycetales and may represent niche specificity, of which we know little in the Streptomycetes. These results also correlate well with the high level of detected variation in the presence of rdlA and rdlB, which form the highly insoluble hydrophobic rodlet outer layer of the spores (Wildermuth et al 1971;Smucker and Pfister 1978;Claessen et al 2002) and such variability is supported by the genome sequence of S. avermitilis, where no rdlA/rdlB homologues can be detected and of S. griseus, where the rdl gene cluster is different from that in S. coelicolor. If the ecology of sporoactinomyces varies greatly from terrestrial to aquatic environments, then so will the need for hydrophobic surface proteins, especially when it is known that rodlets are not essential for spore formation (Claessen et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Analysis of developmental gene conservation in the Actinomycetales using DNA/DNA microarray comparisons

Kirby

Herron

Hoskisson

2010

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Based on available genome sequences, Actinomycetales show significant gene synteny across a wide range of species and genera. In addition, many genera show varying degrees of complex morphological development. Using the presence of gene synteny as a basis, it is clear that an analysis of gene conservation across the Streptomyces and various other Actinomycetales will provide information on both the importance of genes and gene clusters and the evolution of morphogenesis in these bacteria. Genome sequencing, although becoming cheaper, is still relatively expensive for comparing large numbers of strains. Thus, a heterologous DNA/DNA microarray hybridization dataset based on a Streptomyces coelicolor microarray allows a cheaper and greater depth of analysis of gene conservation. This study, using both bioinformatical and microarray approaches, was able to classify genes previously identified as involved in morphogenesis in Streptomyces into various subgroups in terms of conservation across species and genera. This will allow the targeting of genes for further study based on their importance at the species level and at higher evolutionary levels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Analysis of developmental gene conservation in the Actinomycetales using DNA/DNA microarray comparisons

Kirby

Herron

Hoskisson

2010

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…grown in the presence of a rapidly utilized carbon source such as glucose, including Streptomyces venexuelae (Ahmed et al, 1984), Streptomyces alboniger (Surowitz & Pfister, 1985), Streptomyces peucetius (Dekleva & Strohl, 1987) and Streptomyces lividans (Madden et al, 1996). These authors have reported various patterns of acid production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) under nitrate-limited conditions

Karandikar

Sharples

Hobbs³

1997

Microbiology

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The life cycle of Streptomyces coelicolor during development on solid medium has been studied from a physiological perspective. A biphasic growth pattern was demonstrated, evidenced by a continuous transition from an initial exponential growth period into a slower phase of biomass accretion. The switch between the two phases coincided with the exhaustion of nitrate from the medium. The depletion of nitrate from the medium coincided with the initiation of aerial mycelium formation within the cultures and the development of hydrophobic surface properties. During secondary growth, cultures remained metabolically active, continuing to accumulate DNA, despite a cessation in the levels of RNA and cell protein accretion. In addition, the accumulation of glycogen and lipid contributed to the observed accretion of biomass in this phase. The depletion of nitrate also marked an increase in the production of a-ketoglutarate by the culture and a coincident decrease in medium pH. Latter stages of the secondary growth phase saw the development of spores within the culture, this in turn was associated with a decrease in cellular glycogen. This supported previous observations that glycogen degradation and spore maturation were intimately associated.

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“…One surface layer, called the rodlet layer, has a typical ultrastructure of a mosaic of 8‐ to 10‐nm‐wide parallel rods (Wildermuth et al. , 1971; Smucker and Pfister, 1978). The nature of the surface layers is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two novel homologous proteins of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans are involved in the formation of the rodlet layer and mediate attachment to a hydrophobic surface

Claessen¹,

Wösten

Keulen

et al. 2002

Molecular Microbiology

133

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Two novel homologous proteins of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans are involved in the formation of the rodlet layer and mediate attachment to a hydrophobic surface IntroductionStreptomycetes are Gram-positive soil bacteria that colonize moist substrates by forming a branched network of multinucleoid hyphae. At some stage during their life cycle, these bacteria are confronted with a hydrophobic environment. For instance, after a feeding substrate mycelium has been established, hyphae leave the aqueous environment to grow into the hydrophobic air. These aerial hyphae differentiate further by forming chains of uninucleoid cells, which metamorphose into pigmented spores. Spores or hyphae of streptomycetes may also encounter hydrophobic solids such as surfaces of dead or living organisms. When streptomycete hyphae leave their aqueous environment, they change their surface. Hyphae in a moist substrate are hydrophilic, whereas the surfaces of aerial hyphae and spores are hydrophobic.Formation of aerial structures has been best studied in Streptomyces coelicolor (for recent reviews, see Chater, 1998;Kelemen and Buttner, 1998;Wösten and Willey, 2000). Bald (bld) mutants of S. coelicolor were isolated that, when grown on rich medium, are affected in the formation of aerial structures and in the production of a small surface-active peptide called SapB (Willey et al., 1991). Many of these mutants appear to be affected in an extracellular signalling cascade involved in the erection of aerial hyphae (Willey et al., 1993;Nodwell et al., 1996;. Experimental evidence suggests the existence of at least five signalling molecules. It was hypothesized that each signal triggers the synthesis and release of the next signal, ultimately leading to the production and secretion of SapB (Willey et al., 1993;Nodwell et al., 1996). By lowering the water surface tension from 72 to 32 mJ m -2 , SapB enables hyphae to breach the water-air interface to grow into the air (Tillotson et al., 1998).Aerial hyphae and spores of S. coelicolor have several surface layers that make them hydrophobic. One surface layer, called the rodlet layer, has a typical ultrastructure of a mosaic of 8-to 10-nm-wide parallel rods (Wildermuth et al., 1971;Smucker and Pfister, 1978). The nature of the surface layers is not known. SapB is not expected to form one of these layers, as this peptide was localized in the culture medium but could not be detected at the surfaces of aerial structures (Wösten and Willey, 2000). SummaryThe filamentous bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans exhibit a complex life cycle. After a branched submerged mycelium has been established, aerial hyphae are formed that may septate to form chains of spores. The aerial structures possess several surface layers of unknown nature that make them hydrophobic, one of which is the rodlet layer. We have identified two homologous proteins, RdlA and RdlB, that are involved in the formation of the rodlet layer in both streptomycetes. The rdl genes are expressed in growi...

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Characteristics of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) aerial spore rodlet mosaic

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of developmental gene conservation in the Actinomycetales using DNA/DNA microarray comparisons

Analysis of developmental gene conservation in the Actinomycetales using DNA/DNA microarray comparisons

Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) under nitrate-limited conditions

Two novel homologous proteins of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans are involved in the formation of the rodlet layer and mediate attachment to a hydrophobic surface

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