Characteristics of hypertension in the last 16 years in high prevalence region of China and the attribute ratios for cardiovascular mortality

Abstract

Background Tianjin is one of the cities with the highest prevalence of hypertension in China and one of the first regions to develop community management of hypertension. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of hypertension in the last 16 years, and estimate the population attributable fraction for cardiovascular mortality in Tianjin, China. Methods We compared the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension between 2002 and 2018 by analyzing data from the National Nutrition and Chronic Disease Risk Factor Survey. Subsequently, we obtained the cause-specific mortality in the same year from the Tianjin All Cause of Death Registration System (CDRS), and the population attributable fraction was used to estimate the annual cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths caused by hypertension. Results In 2002 and 2018, the crude prevalence, awareness, treatment rate in diagnosed, control rate in treated, and overall control rate of hypertension were 36.6% and 39.8%, 36.0% and 51.9%, 76.0% and 90.1%, 17.4% and 38.3%, 4.8% and 17.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean SBP for males between the ages of 25 and 50 was significantly higher in 2018 than in 2002. The number of CVD deaths attributed to hypertension was 13.8 thousand in 2002 (account for 59.1% of total CVD deaths), and increased to 21.7 thousand in 2018 (account for 58.8% of total CVD deaths). The population attributable fraction have increased in the age groups of 25–44 and 75 and above, and decreased in the age group of 45–74 from 2002 to 2018. Conclusions Compare to 2002, the proportion of CVD deaths attributed to hypertension remains high, particularly among younger and older people, despite a very significant increase in treatment and control rates for hypertension in 2018.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension among adults inhabited in the coastal area of Tianjin, China

“…[16] Previous data have shown that hypertension is listed first in prevalence among 5 chronic diseases in Tianjin, [17] and the prevalence of hypertension in the coastal area is at a high level. [16,18] Compared with previous studies conducted in this area, [17,19] our data indicate that the prevalence of hypertension in 2022 is much higher than that in 2018 (39.8%) [20] and in 2015 (32.7%). [21] Variations in the levels of risk factors for hypertension, such as high sodium intake, low potassium intake, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, may explain some of this increase.…”

“…Additionally, compared with results from the same period in Beijing (52.6%, 50.4%, 23.9%), [40] the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the coastal areas of Tianjin were also better. Although the rates improved greatly compared with previous years and other regions, [18,[20][21][22][23] the results nonetheless mean that nearly 10% of hypertension was underestimated in the participants, about 20% of hypertension was untreated, and approximately one-half of hypertension was uncontrolled. Health authorities should note that comprehensive methods should be included for hypertension management in the community population.…”

Prevalence and clinical correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in Chinese urban population with hypertension

“…Hypertension has emerged as the primary risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease ( 4 ). Due to the widespread adoption of unhealthy lifestyles resulting from rapid economic development and the accelerated aging process, hypertension has witnessed an increase in low- and middle-income countries, including China ( 5 ). According to recent survey data from China, the prevalence of hypertension among individuals aged 18 years from 2012 to 2015 reached a significant rate of 27.9% ( 6 ).…”

“…Similarly, cerebrovascular disease ranks as the second most lethal ailment on a global scale, and acute cerebrovascular disease exhibits a higher incidence of disability compared to any other individual disease, thereby imposing substantial societal burdens (3). Hypertension has emerged as the primary risk factor for cardiocerebrovascular disease (4). Due to the widespread adoption of unhealthy lifestyles resulting from rapid economic development and the accelerated aging process, hypertension has witnessed an increase in low-and middle-income countries, including China (5).…”

Association of living alone and living alone time with hypertension among Chinese men aged 80 years and older: a cohort study

“…Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a prevalent and significant public health issue among older adults worldwide, posing a considerable burden on healthcare systems and leading to various adverse health outcomes, including stroke (1), heart failure (2), renal diseases (3), and mortality (4). The aging process is often associated with physiological changes that can contribute to the development of hypertension, making older individuals, especially those over 80 years of age, particularly susceptible to this condition (5).…”