Characteristics of gut microbiome, organic acid profiles and viral antibody indexes of healthy Japanese with live Lacticaseibacillus detected in stool

Abstract

To estimate the health-promoting effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (previously Lactobacillus casei) strain Shirota (LcS) that reached the lower gastrointestinal tract alive, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome, organic acid profiles, defecatory symptoms and serum viral antibody indexes of healthy Japanese adults between the group in whom live LcS was detected or not from stool. The β-diversity index of the gut microbiome constituted a significant difference between the live-LcS-detected-group (LLD) and the live-LcS-not-detected-group (LLnD). In the LLD, the Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae counts were significantly higher, and the succinate concentration was significantly lower than that in the LLnD. The serum herpes simplex virus (HSV) immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody index in the LLD tended to be lower than that of the LLnD in HSV IgG-positive subjects. Of the LLD, those in the fermented milk products containing LcS (FML)-high-frequency-group (FML-HF) and those in the FML-low-frequency-group (FML-LF) had different gut microbiome and organic acid profiles. However, the pattern of differences between FML-HF and FML-LF was dissimilar those between LLD and LLnD. In contrast, among subjects with FML-LF, those in the group with LLD in stool (LF-LLD) and those in the LLnD in stool (LF-LLnD) showed a similar pattern of differences in their gut microbiome and organic acid profiles as those in the LLnD and LLD. The LLD and LF-LLD commonly had lower caloric and carbohydrate intakes from the diet than their respective control groups. In this study, we found that the presence of live LcS in stool is associated with a healthy gut environment and inhibition of the reactivation of latently infected viruses in the host. However, these health-promoting effects on the host were not related to the frequency of FML intake. Furthermore, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and diet including caloric intake was related to the viability of ingested LcS in the gut.

Succinate aggravates intestinal injury in mice with necrotizing enterocolitis

“…Then, we analyzed the relationship between gut luminal succinate and intestinal flora in samples from human neonates and mouse pups. Our data indicated that there were significantly higher proportions of succinate-producing bacteria, including Enterococcaceae and Escherichia_Shigella ( Gradisteanu Pircalabioru et al., 2022 ), and significantly lower proportions of succinate-consuming bacteria, including Staphylococcaceae , Lactobacillaceae , Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus ( Shima et al., 2022 ) in human neonates with NEC than in control human neonates. Among the model mice, there were significantly higher proportions of succinate-producing bacteria, including Enterococcaceae , Clostridiaceae , Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 , and Enterococcus ( Phuengjayaem et al., 2020 ) and significantly lower proportions of succinate-consuming bacteria including Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus ( Shima et al., 2022 ) in mice with NEC than in those without NEC.…”

Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide-utilizing bifidobacteria regulate the gut organic acid profile of infants

“…In many individuals, lactate and formate were no longer detected at approximately 1 year of age. Lactate and formate are detected at a significantly low concentrations in adult feces [ 27 ]; therefore, their detection at relatively high concentrations for a certain period can be considered a characteristic of the organic acid composition of the gut during breast-fed infancy. An increase in propionate concentration was observed at around 8–12 months of age, followed by an increase in the butyrate concentration.…”