Characteristics of GNSS Total Electron Content Enhancements Over the Midlatitudes During a Geomagnetic Storm on 7 and 8 November 2004

Sori, Takuya; Shinbori, Atsuki; Otsuka, Yuichi; Tsugawa, Takuya; Nishioka, Michi

doi:10.1029/2019ja026713

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Many previous studies on the response of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere associated with solar wind disturbances and geomagnetic storms using ground‐based and satellite observations and simulation have been conducted (e.g., Aa et al, 2019; Astafyeva et al, 2016; Blanc & Richmond, 1980; Bruinsma & Forbes, 2007; David et al, 2011; Ferdousi et al, 2019; Huang, 2008; Kikuchi et al, 1996, 2008; Liu, Wang, Burns, Yue, et al, 2016; Liu, Wang, Burns, Solomon, et al, 2016; Nishida, 1968; Sori et al, 2019; Tanaka, 1995; Tanaka et al, 2016). According to previous knowledge, when the southward IMF arrives at the magnetopause and the merging process between the IMF and geomagnetic field occurs at the dayside magnetopause, the solar wind energy effectively enters the magnetosphere and the intensity of FACs and high‐latitude convection is enhanced significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the development of Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques and worldwide expansion of dense regional GPS receiver networks, the global change in the ionospheric electron density distribution during geomagnetic storms has been investigated using the world map of the GPS total electron content (TEC) in combination with ionospheric radars, ionosondes, optical imagers, and magnetometers (e.g., Balan et al, 2009, 2010; Coster et al, 2003, 2017; David et al, 2011; Foster et al, 2005; Heelis, 2017; Liu, Wang, Burns, Yue, et al, 2016, Liu, Wang, Burns, Solomon, et al, 2016; Maruyama, 2006; Maruyama et al, 2004, 2013; Sori et al, 2019; Thomas et al, 2013; Tsurutani et al, 2004; Yizengaw et al, 2006; Zhao et al, 2005; Zou et al, 2013). Based on the GPS‐TEC, geomagnetic field, ionosonde, and satellite observations, Tsurutani et al (2004) showed that a large TEC enhancement occurs in low‐ and middle‐latitude regions in association with the penetration of an intense convection electric field to the equatorial region during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm that occurred on 5–6 November 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Variations of Total Electron Content Enhancements During a Geomagnetic Storm on 27 and 28 September 2017

et al. 2020

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Temporal and spatial evolutions of total electron content (TEC) and electron density in the ionosphere during a geomagnetic storm that occurred on 27 and 28 September 2017 have been investigated using global TEC data obtained from many Global Navigation Satellite System stations together with the ionosonde, geomagnetic field, Jicamarca incoherent scatter and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar data. Our analysis results show that a clear enhancement of the ratio of the TEC difference (rTEC) first occurs from noon to afternoon at high latitudes within 1 hr after a sudden increase and expansion of the high‐latitude convection and prompt penetration of the electric field to the equator associated with the southward excursion of the interplanetary magnetic field. Approximately 1–2 hr after the onset of the hmF2 increase in the midlatitude and low‐latitude regions associated with the high‐latitude convection enhancement, the rTEC and foF2 values begin to increase and the enhanced rTEC region expands to low latitudes within 1–2 hr. This signature suggests that the ionospheric plasmas in the F2 region move at a higher altitude due to local electric field drift, where the recombination rate is smaller, and that the electron density increases due to additional production at the lower altitude in the sunlit region. Later, another rTEC enhancement related to the equatorial ionization anomaly appears in the equatorial region approximately 1 hr after the prompt penetration of the electric field to the equator and expands to higher latitudes within 3–4 hr.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Total Electron Content Enhancements During a Geomagnetic Storm on 27 and 28 September 2017

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, we calculate the GNSS-TEC value with a time resolution of 30 s from the collected GNSS data according to the procedure described in two studies by Sori et al (2019) and Shinbori et al (2020). Because the calculated relative TEC value has the instrumental biases, the estimation of them is required to derive the absolute TEC value.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between the Locations of the Midlatitude Trough and Plasmapause Using GNSS‐TEC and Arase Satellite Observation Data

et al. 2021

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The midlatitude trough is characterized by a significant plasma depletion in the F-region of the ionosphere at subauroral and midlatitudes below the auroral oval. The structure of the midlatitude trough shows a Abstract Relationship between the locations of the midlatitude trough minimum in the ionosphere and plasmapause in the inner magnetosphere has been statistically investigated using global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-total electron content (TEC) and electron density data obtained from the Arase satellite from March 23, 2017 to May 31, 2020. In this analysis, we identify the midlatitude trough minimum as a minimum value of GNSS-TEC at subauroral and midlatitude regions, and determine the plasmapause as an electron density decrease by a factor of 5 or more within ΔL < 0.5 in the inner magnetosphere. As a result, the plasmapause does not always coincide with the midlatitude trough minimum in all magnetic local time (MLT) sectors under all geomagnetic conditions. During the geomagnetically quiet periods, the midlatitude trough minimum is located at higher and lower geomagnetic latitudes (GMLATs) of the plasmapause in the MLT ranges of 5-21 and 21-5 h, respectively. This implies that both the features could not be on the same magnetic field line. On the other hand, during the storm main phase, the midlatitude trough minimum and plasmapause move toward a low-latitude region with day-night and dawn-dusk asymmetries and the correlation becomes highest, compared with that under other geomagnetic conditions. Especially, both the features mapped on the ionosphere at a height of 300 km exist near GMLAT in the afternoon-midnight sectors. This suggests that the midlatitude trough and plasmapause are formed at almost the same location due to an enhanced subauroral polarization stream during the storm main phase.Plain Language Summary The Earth's plasmasphere, which is filled with dense cold plasmas originating from the ionosphere, has a donut-like structure in the inner magnetosphere. The plasma density decreases gradually with an increasing distance from the topside ionosphere, and it decreases sharply around the plasmapause. The location of the plasmapause tends to move toward the Earth when the geomagnetic activity increases due to the arrival of solar wind disturbances to the magnetosphere. Furthermore, the plasmaspheric plasmas give major influence on plasma wave propagation, generation, absorption, and wave-particle interaction. Therefore, to investigate the shape of the plasmasphere and the spatial distribution of plasma density is important for understanding the generation processes of high-energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere. On the other hand, it has been thought that the midlatitude trough indicating the plasma density depletion in the ionosphere with a narrow latitudinal structure corresponds to the location of the plasmapause. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the locations of the midlatitude trough minimum in the ionosphere and plasmapause in the inner magnetosphere usi...

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“…(2020) and Sori et al. (2019). The absolute values of vertical TEC were estimated using the technique proposed by Otsuka et al.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The temporal and spatial resolutions are 5 min and 0.5° × 0.5°, respectively. The TEC data were derived from collected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data in the Receiver INdependent EXchange format according to the procedure described by Shinbori et al (2020) and Sori et al (2019). The absolute values of vertical TEC were estimated using the technique proposed by Otsuka et al (2002).…”

Section: Global Navigation Satellite System -Total Electron Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Event Analysis of Plasma and Field Variations in Source of Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arcs in Inner Magnetosphere During Non‐Storm‐Time Substorms

et al. 2021

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Stable auroral red (SAR) arcs are optical events with dominant 630.0-nm emission caused by low-energy electron heat flux into the topside ionosphere from the inner magnetosphere. SAR arcs are observed at subauroral latitudes and often occur during the recovery phase of magnetic storms and substorms. Past studies concluded that these low-energy electrons were generated in the spatial overlap region between the outer plasmasphere and ring-current ions and suggested that Coulomb collisions between plasmaspheric electrons and ring-current ions are more feasible for the SAR-arc generation mechanism rather than Landau damping by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves or kinetic Alfvén waves. This work studies three separate SAR-arc events with conjunctions, using all-sky imagers and inner magnetospheric satellites (Arase and Radiation Belt Storm Probes [RBSP]) during non-storm-time substorms on December 19, 2012 (event 1), January 17, 2015 (event 2), and November 4, 2019 (event 3). We evaluated for the first time the heat flux via Coulomb collision using full-energy-range ion data obtained by the satellites. The electron heat fluxes due to Coulomb collisions reached ∼10 9 eV/cm 2 /s for events 1 and 2, indicating that Coulomb collisions could have caused the SAR arcs. RBSP-A also observed local enhancements of 7-20-mHz electromagnetic wave power above the SAR arc in event 2. The heat flux for the freshly detached SAR arc in event 3 reached ∼10 8 eV/cm 2 /s, which is insufficient to have caused the SAR arc. In event 3, local flux enhancement of electrons (<200 eV) and various electromagnetic waves were observed, these are likely to have caused the freshly detached SAR arc.Plain Language Summary Stable auroral red (SAR) arcs are aurora with an optical red emission from oxygen atoms at latitudes slightly lower than the auroral oval and often occur during storm-time substorms. The oxygen excitation is caused by low-energy electrons transferred from the inner magnetosphere to the ionosphere. Past studies concluded that these low-energy electrons were generated INABA ET AL.

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Characteristics of GNSS Total Electron Content Enhancements Over the Midlatitudes During a Geomagnetic Storm on 7 and 8 November 2004

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Total Electron Content Enhancements During a Geomagnetic Storm on 27 and 28 September 2017

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Total Electron Content Enhancements During a Geomagnetic Storm on 27 and 28 September 2017

Relationship Between the Locations of the Midlatitude Trough and Plasmapause Using GNSS‐TEC and Arase Satellite Observation Data

Multi‐Event Analysis of Plasma and Field Variations in Source of Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arcs in Inner Magnetosphere During Non‐Storm‐Time Substorms

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