Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles

Abstract

In this work, plasticized polymer electrolyte films consisting of chitosan, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and glycerol for utilization in energy storage devices was presented. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the concerned electrolyte and the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The nature of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components was examined via X-ray diffraction analysis. In the morphological study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer on the morphology of films. The polymer electrolyte (conducting membrane) was found to have a conductivity of 3.21 × 10−3 S/cm. It is indicated that the number density (n), mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are increased with the glycerol amount. The mechanism of charge storing was clarified, which implies a non-Faradaic process. The voltage window of the polymer electrolyte is 2.32 V. It was proved that the ion is responsible for charge-carrying via measuring the transference number (TNM). It was also determined that the internal resistance of the EDLC assembly lay between 39 and 50 Ω. The parameters associated with the EDLC assembly are of great importance and the specific capacitance (Cspe) was determined to be almost constant over 1 to 1000 cycles with an average of 124 F/g. Other decisive parameters were found: energy density (18 Wh/kg) and power density (2700 W/kg).

Investigating the Correlation between Electrolyte Concentration and Electrochemical Properties of Ionogels

“…The cyclic voltammetry plot is also used to evaluate the specific capacitance of ionogel. The specific capacitance reflects charge storage at the interfacial region due to the interaction between the ions (from the electrolyte) and electrons (in the electrode) under an applied electric field [ 53 ]. The specific capacitance of ionogel is obtained at each scan rate and tabulated in Table 3 .…”

Plasticized Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Chitosan for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Circuit Modeling, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

“…Impedance spectroscopy is used as a well-organized practice to check the DC conductivity of polymer electrolytes. Ion-conducting electrolytes are a group of materials which obtained attention over recent years owing to their uses in a comprehensive number of electrochemical energy storage devices [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) is normally employed to separate a semicircle at a high frequency region, which corresponds to the conduction of ions in the bulk of the electrolytes and a spike at a low frequency region associated with the impact of electrode polarization [ 1 , 33 ].…”