Characteristics of gaseous pollutants near a main traffic line in Beijing and its influencing factors

Chen, Jianhua; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Jianyu; Liu, Hongjie; Ren, Liehui; Liu, Xiaoyu; Zhang, Wenjie; Wang, Xuan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.07.008

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The average concentration value of NO x in urban areas of Rawalpindi was calculated to be 23 ppb (Ghauri et al 2007). Similarly, in 2006, a study was conducted in Beijing in which the concentration of NO 2 and other pollutants was recorded in urban areas in summer and winter season near main traffic lines (Chen et al 2009). It was observed that in winter season, the concentration of NO 2 was significantly higher than that of summer season.…”

Section: Monthly Trends In the Level Of Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, motor vehicles substantially contribute to urban levels of nitrogen oxides through their engine combustion processes (Emberson et al 2003). For instance, in Beijing, vehicle source emissions accounted for 40.2% of the total NO x emissions (Chen et al 2009). Beside NO x , significant quantities of CO 2 , CO, HC, SPM and other air toxins are emitted from these motor vehicles into the atmosphere, causing serious environmental to health impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide Levels in Urban Areas in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ahmad

Biiker

Emberson

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Nitrogen dioxide is an important gaseous air pollutant. It plays a major role in atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the formation of secondary air pollutants, and contributes to environmental acidification. A comprehensive assessment of NO 2 levels in the atmosphere is required for developing effective strategies for control of air pollution and air quality improvement. Air pollution is a serious problem in all major cities of Pakistan and needs to be addressed to minimize detrimental effects on human health and urban vegetation. In this research, we focused on the monitoring of NO 2 levels in the urban environment of Rawalpindi city. Because of the lack of expensive continuous sampling devices and to get a good spatial coverage of the NO 2 concentrations in the study area, NO 2 passive samplers were exposed at 42 different sites within the city limits of Rawalpindi from January to December, 2008. Samplers were exchanged every 10 days and the associated meteorological conditions like temperature, wind speed, rainfall and relative humidity were also monitored. The average NO 2 concentration was found to be 27.46±0.32 ppb. The highest values of NO 2 were measured near to main roads and educational institutions due to intense flow of road vehicles. Moreover, the study showed that the values obtained for NO 2 for all sampling points exceeded the annual limit value set by World Health Organization. So, this is very important to take different steps to control this before it becomes a serious hazard for people living in those areas.

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Section: Monthly Trends In the Level Of Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide Levels in Urban Areas in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ahmad

Biiker

Emberson

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…However, slightly higher O 3 concentration levels in summer are attributed to the higher intensity of solar radiation. Photolysis of NO x into secondary air pollutant (O 3 ) rises with the increase in solar radiation leading to the increased levels of O 3 in (Lodhi 2006;Ghauri et al 2007;Chen et al 2009;Martin et al 2009;Ahmad et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Road transport is the major contributor in environmental pollution particularly in urban areas (Chen et al 2009). In Pakistan, road transport has grown at a faster pace in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal analysis of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration across the twin cities of Pakistan

Ahmad

Aziz

2012

Environ Monit Assess

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The analyses presented in this paper include the concentration levels of NO2 and O3 measured during 2 successive years in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan from November 2009 to March 2011. NO2 was determined using the passive sampling method, while ozone was determined by Model 400E ozone analyzer. The average NO2 and O3 concentration in twin cities of Pakistan was found to be 44 ± 6 and 18.2 ± 1.24 ppb, respectively. Results indicate that the concentration of NO2 and O3 show seasonal variations. Results also depict that NO2 and O3 concentration levels are high in areas of intense traffic flow and congestion. Rawalpindi has more elevated levels of NO2 and O3 as compared to the Islamabad due to the narrow roads, enclosing architecture of road network and congestion. Climatic variables also influenced the NO2 and O3 concentration, i.e., temperature is positively related with O3, while negatively related with NO2, relative humidity is directly related with NO2 and inversely related with O3, whereas rainfall show negative association with both NO2 and O3 concentration. Comparing the results with WHO standards reveals that NO2 concentration levels at all the sampling points are above the permissible limit, while ozone concentration is still lower than the WHO standards. Thus, there is a need to take appropriate steps to control these continuously increasing levels of NO2 and O3 before they become a serious hazard for the environment and people living in those areas.

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“…The trend analysis of ozone always has maintained a relationship with the trends of VOC, NO and NOx in both urban and suburban areas (Atkinson, 2000;Ghazali et al, 2010;Keuken et al, 2009;Martin et al, 2009;Milt et al, 2009). Local concentrations of ozone are reduced in the vicinity of heavy vehicular traffic as a results of ozone scavenging by NO and NO 2 (Atkinson, 2000;Ahammed et al, 2006;Tu et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2009). On the other hand, areas with less traffic, specifically downwind of a monitoring station, may have a higher ozone concentration due to active photochemistry in an air mass enriched with precursor chemicals from motor vehicle exhaust gases (Lippmann, 1991;Afroz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Surface Ozone Recorded at the Eastern Coastal Region of the Malaysian Peninsula

Ismail

Latif²,

Azmi

et al. 2010

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Problem statement:Variations of ozone (O 3 ) concentrations in the Eastern Coastal Region of the Malaysia peninsula were investigated using data obtained from the Malaysian Department of the Environment. The aim of this study was to determine the monthly and seasonal variations of ozone concentrations at all monitoring sites. This study deals with the air quality data recorded at four air quality monitoring stations in the East Coast of the Malaysian peninsula over a ten year period (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). Approach: We focused on the usage of S-Plus and SPSS to analyze this data. The S-Plus programming was used to impute missing data and SPSS was used to obtain the variations of ozone and also to clarify the relationship between stations. Results: Over the entire 10 year period (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006), the trend in annual baseline ozone generally increased each year for all the four monitoring sites. There was also a seasonal variability in the measured ozone levels with high concentrations during the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon season, producing a significant increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle. The results also shown that the highest ozone concentrations were recorded at the Bukit Kuang air monitoring station (S1), with a daily mean value of 19 ppb followed by the Indera Mahkota air monitoring station (S2). The concentration of ozone recorded at Kota Bharu (S3) and Kuala Terengganu (S4), two stations located in the city centre, was found to be lower than the values recorded at Bukit Kuang and Indera Mahkota. The correlation between O 3 and NO is high at Kuala Terengganu (S4) (ρ = -0.579), whilst the relationship between O 3 and NO 2 are high (ρ = -0.397) at Indera Mahkota (S2). Conclusion: The concentration of ozone in the East Coast of Malaysian peninsula depends on the concentration of NOx and seasonal meteorological factors.

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Characteristics of gaseous pollutants near a main traffic line in Beijing and its influencing factors

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide Levels in Urban Areas in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Monitoring Nitrogen Dioxide Levels in Urban Areas in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Spatial and temporal analysis of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration across the twin cities of Pakistan

Variation of Surface Ozone Recorded at the Eastern Coastal Region of the Malaysian Peninsula

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