Characteristics of Free Amino Acids (the Quality Chemical Components of Tea) under Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Nitrogen Forms in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants

Ruan, Li; Wei, Kang; Wang, Liyuan; Cheng, Hao; Wu, Liyun; Li, Hailin

doi:10.3390/molecules24030415

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…For another, N is indispensable for the biosynthesis of amino acids. The quality of tea leaves, such as mellowness and freshness, are determined by an appropriate level of free amino acids [ 2 ]. Apart from the amino acids, the biosynthesis of the quality-related chemical components of tea, such catechin, caffeine and aroma compounds, also require a balance of C/N in tea leaves [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2021

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Background Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the agricultural production. As a result, a large amount of N fertilizer is used to improve the yield in modern tea production. Unfortunately, the large amount of N fertilizer input has led to increased plant nitrogen-tolerance and decreased amplitude of yield improvement, which results in significant N loss, energy waste and environment pollution. However, the effects of N-deficiency on the metabolic profiles of tea leaves and roots are not well understood. Results In this study, seedlings of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Chunlv 2 were treated with 3 mM NH4NO3 (Control) or without NH4NO3 (N-deficiency) for 4 months by sandy culture. The results suggested that N-deficiency induced tea leaf chlorosis, impaired biomass accumulation, decreased the leaf chlorophyll content and N absorption when they were compared to the Control samples. The untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF/MS approach revealed a discrimination of the metabolic profiles between N-deficient tea leaves and roots. The identification and classification of the altered metabolites indicated that N deficiency upregulated the relative abundances of most phenylpropanoids and organic acids, while downregulated the relative abundances of most amino acids in tea leaves. Differentially, N-deficiency induced the accumulation of most carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids in tea roots. The potential biomarkers screened in N-deficient leaves compared to Control implied that N deficiency might reduce the tea quality. Unlike the N-deficient leaves, the potential biomarkers in N-deficient roots indicated an improved stress response might occur in tea roots. Conclusions The results demonstrated N deficiency had different effects on the primary and secondary metabolism in tea leaves and roots. The findings of this study will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the N-deficient tea plants and provide a valuable reference for the optimized N nutrient management and the sustainable development in the tea plantations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2021

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“…Previous research showed that, with increasing application of N within a limited range, although l -theanine, l -glutamic acid, and l -glutamine increased, high arginine content might lead to the reduction in taste quality [ 20 ]. The contents of aspartic acid, l -glutamic acid, and l -theanine, increased significantly with ammonium treatment, and the reason might be that the ammonium promoted root growth and inhibited root browning [ 47 ]. In our study, the increase in total free amino acids and several major amino acid components ( Table 3 ), especially in the medium and high N treatments, i.e., N2 and N3, has also been reported in other plants [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Metabolites

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As a main agronomic intervention in tea cultivation, nitrogen (N) application is useful to improve tea yield and quality. However, the effects of N application on the formation of tea quality-related metabolites have not been fully studied, especially in long-term field trials. In this study, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term N application treatments on tea quality-related metabolites, their precursors, and related gene expression. Long-term N application up-regulated the expression of key genes for chlorophyll synthesis and promoted its synthesis, thus increasing tea yield. It also significantly increased the contents of total free amino acids, especially l-theanine, in fresh tea leaves, while decreasing the catechin content, which is conducive to enhancing tea liquor freshness. However, long-term N application significantly reduced the contents of benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol in fresh tea leaves, and also reduced (E)-nerolidol and indole in withered leaves, which were not conducive to the formation of floral and fruity aroma compounds. In general, an appropriate amount of N fertilizer (225 kg/hm2) balanced tea yield and quality. These results not only provide essential information on how N application affects tea quality, but also provide detailed experimental data for field fertilization.

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“…The FAA extraction method was the same as the method of the previous researches. 16,17 This study carried out the separating process on UPLC mechanism outfitted with an AccQ•Tag Ultra UPLC column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1. S2).…”

Section: Determination Of Free Amino Acid (Faa) Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) with different low‐nitrogen tolerances during recovery from nitrogen deficiency

Ruan

Wei

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Tea plants have high nitrogen (N) consumptions, whereas molecular and physiological responses of tea plants to N recovery are still unclear. RESULTS: By using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), 15 N tracer technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and transcriptome sequencing technology, we investigated the N recovery-induced changes in N absorptions, N tissue distributions, contents of free amino acids (FAAs), and global transcription of the low-N tolerant and intolerant tea genotypes [i. e. Wuniuzao (W) and Longjing43 (L)]. The results showed that the phenotype of Wuniuzao was better than that of Longjing43 under low-N condition. The N absorption and utilization of Wuniuzao were superior to Longjing43 under N recovery. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ratio (N recovery/N deficiency) in the root of Wuniuzao was significantly higher than that of Longj-ing43, while the glutamic acid ratio in the root of Wuniuzao was significantly lower than that of Longjing43. This findings suggested that Wuniuzao tended to enhance the GABA synthesis, while Longjing43 tended to inhibit the GABA synthesis under N recovery. The key genes in response to N recovery in Wuniuzao included N transport (AMT and NRT), N transformation (NR, NirA, and GAD), and amino acid transport (GAT) genes. In addition, some ribosome and flavonoid biosynthesis genes might help to maintain proteome homeostasis. CONCLUSION:The N absorption and transport, and the conversion abilities of key amino acids (Glu and GABA) might improve the adaptability of tea plants to N recovery, which provided a basis for the breeding of N efficient tea varieties.

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Characteristics of Free Amino Acids (the Quality Chemical Components of Tea) under Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Nitrogen Forms in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

The GC-TOF/MS-based Metabolomic analysis reveals altered metabolic profiles in nitrogen-deficient leaves and roots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China

Responses of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) with different low‐nitrogen tolerances during recovery from nitrogen deficiency

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