Characteristics of Fragments Produced in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Silver

Hyde, Earl K.; Butler, G.W.; Poskanzer, A. M.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.4.1759

Cited by 60 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We identified hydrogen nuclei with 9< Ep<400 MeV for The dip angle corrections of the energy-and angular distributions were determined from the distributions for emission angles 60-120 ~ (~o<60 ~ and the total number of particles with ~o > 60 ~ Pions with E~• <35 MeV and helium nuclei with EHe > 36 MeV could be identified. Isotopic separation of hydrogen nuclei was in general not possible, and subsequently we have treated all hydrogen nuclei as protons [9,10]. The identification of the target nuclei is described in Ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pion and proton emission in interactions induced by relativistic heavy nuclei withZ?12

1975

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Abstract. The emission of pions and protons in interactions between heavy nuclei from the cosmic radiation (12 < Z_< 26) and photoemulsion nuclei has been studied. The angular and energy distributions of target protons are similar to corresponding distributions in protonnucleus interactions for emission angles > 30 ~ In heavy ion interactions a forward peak of high energy target protons (E > 200 MeV) is observed. The energy spectrum of target protons for angles < 30 ~ is remarkably fiat for heavy ion interactions. For increasing disintegration of the target nucleus the number of produced pions per emitted recoil target proton is almost constant in heavy ion interactions, while it decreases rapidly in proton-nucleus interactions. The logtgO distributions of pions have small standard deviations even in interactions with a large target disintegration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pion and proton emission in interactions induced by relativistic heavy nuclei withZ?12

1975

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“…It is well known for proton-induced reactions that the qualitative properties of the spectra and angular distributions of the spallation products indicate the presence of two different processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. One of them contributes to low-energy part of the spectra (energy range smaller than 30-50 MeV), has evaporative-like character and therefore produces isotropic angular distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking and validation of the spallation models for description of intermediate mass fragment emission from p + Ag collisions at 480 MeV incident proton beam energy

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Double-differential cross-sections d 2 σ/dΩ dE for isotopically identified intermediate mass fragments (6 Li up to 27 Mg) from nuclear reactions induced by 480 MeV protons impinging on a silver target were analyzed in the frame of a two-step model. The first step of the reaction was described by the intranuclear cascade model INCL4.6 and the second one by four different models (ABLA07,GEM2, GEMINI++, and SMM). The experimental spectra reveal the presence of low-energy, isotropic as well as high-energy, forward-peaked contributions. The INCL4.6 model offers a possibility to describe the latter contribution for light intermediate mass fragments by coalescence of the emitted nucleons. The qualitative agreement of the model predictions with the data was observed but the high-energy tails of the spectra were significantly overestimated. The shape of the isotropic part of the spectra was reproduced by all four models. The GEM2 model strongly underestimated the value of the cross-sections for heavier IMF whereas the SMM and ABLA07 models generally overestimated the data. The best quantitative description of the data was offered by GEMINI++, however, a discrepancy between the data and the model cross-sections still remained for almost all reaction products, especially at forward angles. It indicates that non-equilibrium processes are present which cannot be reproduced by the applied models. The goodness of the data description was judged quantitatively using two statistical deviation factors, the H-factor and the M -factor, as a tool for ranking and validation of the theoretical models.

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“…Subsequently, instrumental techniques (5,6) were used to identify a broad range of fragments extending in atomic number up to Z-20 and -4-above. However, these reactions were not considered as belonging to the mainstream of nuclear physics as understood at the time, and little attention was paid to them.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifragmentation in Heavy-Ion Processes

Moretto¹,

Wozniak²

1993

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

218

122

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Characteristics of Fragments Produced in the Interaction of 5.5-GeV Protons with Silver

Cited by 60 publications

References 54 publications

Pion and proton emission in interactions induced by relativistic heavy nuclei withZ?12

Pion and proton emission in interactions induced by relativistic heavy nuclei withZ?12

Ranking and validation of the spallation models for description of intermediate mass fragment emission from p + Ag collisions at 480 MeV incident proton beam energy

Multifragmentation in Heavy-Ion Processes

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