Characteristics of female mentally disordered offenders culpable under the new legislation in Japan: A gender comparison study

Nagata, Takako; Nakagawa, Atsuo; Matsumoto, Satoko; Shiina, Akihiro; Iyo, Masaomi; Hirabayashi, Naotsugu; Igarashi, Yoshito

doi:10.1002/cbm.1949

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This also confirms a diagnosis profile of patients found under MTSA treatment from a single facility in our country (22); that is, female patients (28%) are more often diagnosed as F3 than male patients (4%). F3 diagnosis was also increasingly related to homicide in both present and previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The patient population was predominantly male (about 70%). Such male dominance in clinical offenders was consistently observed in previous Japanese studies, which comprised partially overlapping patients undergoing hospitalization for assessment (16) and under MTSA-based inpatient treatment (22, 23). Additionally, a study from the United States, recruiting patients under involuntary inpatient treatment who committed serious violence, reported that male patients tended to more often commit violent acts several months before treatment admission than female patients (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…F3 diagnosis was also increasingly related to homicide in both present and previous studies. Nagata et al (22) reported that female patients (56%) committed homicide (infanticide or “shinju (double suicide)”) more frequently than male patients (31%). To summarize, F3 diagnosis is likely a robust risk factor for MTSA-based treatment inclusion due to homicide, in particular for female patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Problematic Behaviors among Forensic Outpatients under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in Japan

et al. 2016

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The Medical Treatment and Supervision Act (MTSA) was enacted in 2005 in Japan to promote the reintegration of clinical offenders with mental disorders into society. Under the MTSA, individuals who committed serious crimes in a state of insanity or diminished responsibility are diverted from the criminal justice system to the mental health system. Based on court decisions about MTSA-based treatment, clinical offenders have an obligation to engage in rehabilitation within their local community under the guidance of mental health professionals. However, patients under MTSA-based clinical treatments have faced various problems in the course of treatment, because of psychiatric as well as other static or dynamic factors, and sometimes have committed problematic behaviors, such as violence and medical non-compliance. Hence, this study aimed to clarify factors related to patients’ inclusion in MTSA-based outpatient treatment and additionally, their commitment of problematic behaviors, based on confidential data acquired during a four-year government survey period (National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry) from MTSA enactment (July 15, 2005) to December 31, 2009. In total, we recruited 441 clinical offenders receiving MTSA-based outpatient treatment from 158 nationwide facilities. To evaluate related factors, we collected demographic, psychiatric, forensic, clinical treatment, and social service information. Statistical analyses demonstrated that predominant profiles of patients included male gender, younger age, low school history, psychiatric diagnoses (F1, F2, and F3), and no correctional or outpatient history before MTSA-based treatment. F1 or substance use diagnosis, in particular, was increasingly correlated with other factors, such as male gender, older age, and correctional history before MTSA treatment. Among the 441 patients, 189 (43%) committed problematic behaviors in the course of the MTSA-based outpatient treatment. Risk factors for patients’ commitment of problematic behaviors comprised F1 diagnosis and inpatient history before MTSA-based treatment inclusion. In summary, reduction of overall problematic behaviors under the MTSA outpatient likely makes progress by focal attention to patients with psychiatric disorders caused by substance use and/or a past inpatient history for more severe psychiatric symptoms. This work is of ongoing and future importance in the domain of forensic community treatment, to connect risk-enhancing factors with risk management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Problematic Behaviors among Forensic Outpatients under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in Japan

et al. 2016

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“…The perpetrator produced alibi evidence to investigators following the murder, showing a high level of planning irrespective of the psychotic ideation. The majority of murder offenses were committed by males, a well-replicated finding across different countries and continents (Häkkänen-Nyholm et al, 2009;Kristoffersen et al, 2014;Matejkowski et al, 2008;Nagata et al, 2016), who, in general, were younger than female offenders at the date of the index offense. Female and male co-offenders were younger than solitary offenders, hinting at group interactions being more important in younger age or growing independency with ongoing aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Motives, Offending Behavior, and Gender Differences in Murder Perpetrators With or Without Psychosis

Hachtel

Nixon

Bennett

et al. 2018

J Interpers Violence

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Little is known whether differences exist in motivation and reactive/instrumental offense behaviors between murder offenders with and without psychotic disorder. To contribute to better prevention strategies, the aim of this study was to investigate offense characteristics in murder offenders with a psychotic, nonpsychotic or no psychiatric diagnosis, and whether these factors differ according to sex. This data study examined the population of murder offenders between 1997 and 2005 ( N = 435) in Victoria, Australia. Apparent motive for murder was allocated to one of six classifications. Assignations of reactive versus instrumental offense categories, co-offending, victim-offender relationship were determined by review of case material. Mental health service usage and prevalence of mental illnesses were identified through data with the statewide register of contacts with the public mental health system. Of the 435 offenders, 43 (9.9%) had been diagnosed with a psychotic illness. Gender differences between and within offenders with and without a psychotic disorder were analyzed. Murder offenders with a psychotic disorder were 3.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.27, 8.03]) times more likely to be motivated by revenge than nonpsychotic offenders and those with no diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% CI = [1.10, 5.53]). The diagnostic groups did not differ on premeditation of their offenses or prior convictions. Perpetrators with psychotic illness were significantly more likely to kill family members and others known to them. It appears that for the psychotic disorder group, the perception of having been wronged in some way is a potential risk marker for planning and committing a serious offense. Care should be taken to improve adherence and access to care to avoid possible future serious violence especially in female patients with a high burden of mental illness like schizophrenia or severe mood disorders.

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“…Besides the psychiatric diagnosis, it is important to point out that women usually express antisocial behavior in ways that are different from that of men (46,47). In most homicides committed by women, the victim is a family member (5,18,48,49), especially a child (where the diagnosis of the perpetrator is typically a schizophrenic disorder) (42,50,51) or their partner (34), rather than strangers who are killed more frequently by men (39,51). The psychopathic dimension seems to play a major role in those infrequent homicides committed by women who kill victims outside of their family (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and Men who Committed Murder: Male/Female Psychopathic Homicides

Carabellese

Felthous

Mandarelli

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The present study was designed to compare gender differences in psychiatric diagnosis with the dimension of psychopathy in women and men who had attempted or committed homicide. The study samples consisted of 39 homicidal females and 48 homicidal males who were confined in one of Italy’s REMS or prison facilities in two southern provinces of Italy (Puglia and Basilicata). Assessment instruments included the SCID‐5, the PID‐5 IRF, and the PCL‐R. Each gender group was stratified according to the level of criminal responsibility for the homicidal offense (full, partial, absent), and after assessments, according to the degree of the psychopathic dimension. There were clear gender differences in homicidal individuals. Female offenders were less likely to have had a record of criminal charges/convictions or imprisonment, and their homicides were more often intrafamilial, victimizing especially of their children, whereas males targeted intimate partners and extrafamilial victims. In the entire group, there was an inverse relationship between the level of psychopathy and the personality disorder on one side, and the psychotic disturbance on the other. Factor 2 (lifestyle/antisocial dimension) of the PCL‐R was higher among the homicidal males, whereas females tended to score higher on Factor 1 (the interpersonal/affective dimension). Finally, if the psychopathic dimension is a qualifier for antisocial personality disorder, as indicated in DSM‐5, this appears to be less true for females who tend to have other personality disorders.

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Characteristics of female mentally disordered offenders culpable under the new legislation in Japan: A gender comparison study

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Risk Factors for Problematic Behaviors among Forensic Outpatients under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in Japan

Risk Factors for Problematic Behaviors among Forensic Outpatients under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in Japan

Motives, Offending Behavior, and Gender Differences in Murder Perpetrators With or Without Psychosis

Women and Men who Committed Murder: Male/Female Psychopathic Homicides

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