Characteristics of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from Swiss and imported raw poultry meat collected at retail level

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and genetic characteristics of extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 80 samples of Swiss (n=36) and imported (n=44) raw chicken meat collected at retail level. In addition, ESBLproducers were screened for the presence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Countries of import included Argentina (n=2), Austria (n=1), Brazil (n=3), Denmark (n=5), France (n=1), Germany (n=13), Hungary (n=5), Italy (n=8), and Slovenia (n=6). Forty ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated from 33 (41.3%) of the 80 samples, comprising seven (19.4%) of the Swiss and 26 (59%) of the imported samples. The most common blaESBL among the isolates were blaCTX-M-1 (n=14) and blaSHV-12 (n=16). Other genes comprised blaTEM-52 (n=4), blaCTX-M-2 (n=3), blaCTX-M-8 (n=1), blaCTX-M-14 (n=1) and a novel blaCTX-M-14-like variant (n=1). Two ESBL-producers isolated from samples from Germany (n=1) and Italy (n=1) tested additionally positive for the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Six (7.5%) samples, all imported from Germany, were found to contain MRSA. Three isolates belonged to the livestock-associated CC398-MRSA-V-t034, and 3 to CC9-MRSA-IV-t13177, described here for the first time in chicken meat. AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and genetic characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 80 samples of Swiss (n=36) and imported (n= 44) raw chicken meat collected at retail level. In addition, ESBL-producers were screened for the presence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Countries of import included Argentina (n=2), Austria (n=1), Brazil (n=3), Denmark (n=5), France (n=1), Germany (n=13), Hungary (n=5), Italy (n=8), and Slovenia (n= 6). Forty ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated from 33 (41.3%) of the 80 samples, comprising seven (19.4%) of the Swiss and 26 (59%) of the imported samples. The most common blaESBL among the isolates were blaCTX-M-1 (n=14) and blaSHV-12 (n=16). Other genes comprised blaTEM-52 (n= 4), blaCTX-M-2 (n=3), blaCTX-M-8 (n=1), blaCTX-M-14 (n=1) and a novel blaCTX-M-14-like variant (n=1). Two ESBL-producers isolated from samples from Germany (n=1) and Italy (n=1) tested additionally positive for the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1. Six (7.5%) samples, all imported from Germany, were found to contain MRSA. Three isolates belonged to the livestock-associated CC398-MRSA-V-t034, and 3 to CC9-MRSA-IV-t13177, described here for the first time in chicken meat. . Bei 2 ESBL-Bildnern von Proben aus Deutschland (n=1) und Italien (n=1) wurde zusätzlich das mcr-1, ein plasmid-kodiertes Resistenzgen gegen Colistin, nachgewiesen. Sechs Proben (7.5%), welche alle aus Deutschland stammten, waren MRSA positiv. Genotypisierung ordnete 3 der Stämme dem Nutztier-assoziiereten Klon CC398-MRSA-V-t034, und 3 weitere dem CC9-MRSA-IV-t13177 zu. Letzterer w...

Dynamics of culturable mesophilic bacterial communities of three fresh herbs and their production environment

“…; Zogg et al . ) and the extent to which the production environment plays a role are subject to our ongoing research.…”

“…To locate the main sources of contamination of fresh produce and propose actions to mitigate consumer exposure to undesired contaminants, the method of choice might be typing of the isolated food-contaminating bacteria (Wirth et al 2006) including (i) spoilage bacteria, that is, bacteria altering the sensorial qualities of a food product thereby rendering it unacceptable to the consumer (Gram et al 2002) and (ii) human pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the more recent concern about the occurrence of antibioticresistant bacteria on market products (Pesavento et al 2014;N€ uesch-Inderbinen et al 2015;Zogg et al 2016) and the extent to which the production environment plays a role are subject to our ongoing research.…”

“…; Zogg et al . ) as well as in the environment including surface water (Czekalski et al . ), soil and manure (Jechalke et al .…”

“…Minimal or no processing allows the bacterial community of fresh herbs, including potential spoilage or pathogenic bacteria, to reach the consumer more easily than through processed or cooked foods. Recent studies have highlighted the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods of animal and plant origin including fresh produce (Pesavento et al 2014;N€ uesch-Inderbinen et al 2015;Zogg et al 2016) as well as in the environment including surface water (Czekalski et al 2012), soil and manure (Jechalke et al 2014). On the other hand, consumption of unprocessed plant foods has increased due to rising health awareness (Pollack 2001;Doyle and Erickson 2008;Berger et al 2010).…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview

“…Studies indicate that these genes are mainly carried by E. coli and nontyphoid Salmonella, but also by Escherichia fergusonii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus, and Proteus mirabilis [136][137][138][139][140]. Reports include animals on farms [36,[136][137][138][141][142][143][144][145][146][147], whole carcasses, or meat pieces available in Brazilian retail markets [69,136,138,140,145,148,149], and exported chicken meat [150][151][152]. The same genes were detected in turkeys with clinical signs of colibacillosis [153].…”