Characteristics of Earthquakes in the Mexican Subduction Zone on  Strong Motion Accelerograms

Anderson, John G.; Quaas, R.; Chen, Quigbin; Almora, D.; Vázquez, R.; Velasco, Juan Manuel Burgos; Pérez, Cirilo; Castro, Gerardo

doi:10.18867/ris.54.234

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Other studies suggest an absence of scaling and conclude that the initiation of laq~e earthqua}ces is similar to that of smaller events [Brone, 1979]. Abercrombie and Mori [1994] show that the beginning of the M7.3 Landers, California earthquake was similar to an M4.4 aftershock, and Anderson and Chen [1995) show that there were no systematic differences in thr. : P-wave initiation of M3 .0 -M8.0 events in Michoacan, Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California Sequence

Mori¹,

Kanamori²

1996

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract. Close examination of the P waves from earthquakes ranging in size across several orders of magnitude shows that the shape of the initiation of the velocity waveforms is independent of the magnitude of the earthquake. A model in which earthquakes of all sizes have similar rupture initiation can explain the data. This suggests that it is difficult to estimate the eventual size of an earthquake from the initial portion of the waveform. Previously reported curvature seen in the beginning of some velocity waveforms can be largely explained as the effect of anelastic attenuation; thus there is little evidence for a departure from models of simple rupture initiation that grow dynamically from a small region. The results of this study indicate that any "precursory" radiation at seismic frequencies must emanate from a source region no larger than the equivalent of a M0.5 event (i.e. a characteristic length of -10 m). The size of the nucleation region for magnitude 0 to 5 earthquakes thus is not resolvable with the standard seismic instrumentation deployed in California.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California Sequence

Mori¹,

Kanamori²

1996

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…(e.g. Ishihara et al 1992;Anderson & Chen 1995;Abercrombie & Mori 1996;Mori & Kanamori 1996;Kilb & Gomberg 1999;Sato & Mori 2006). However, recent observations by Olsen & Allen (2005), Wu & Zhao (2006) and Zollo et al (2006), indicating that the final event magnitude M may be at least partially determined prior to the cessation of rupture, have re-awakened the search for informative signals in the early portions of seismograms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of scaling between proposed early signals in P waveforms and earthquake magnitudes

Lewis

Ben‐Zion

2007

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YWe examine seismic waveforms generated by clusters of similar earthquakes and additional events located on the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian fault to investigate possible scaling between proposed early signals in the P waveforms and magnitudes. The employed signals can be divided into two classes. The first is associated with Ellsworth-Beroza and Iio type signals that are assumed to reflect signatures of seismic nucleation phases. The second are associated with Nakamura type period and Wu-Zhao type maximum displacement in the early waveforms that are related to measures of the corner frequency and local magnitude, respectively. The impact on each signal of artefacts generated by the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is also examined. The use of repeating event clusters reduces considerably the variability of path and site effects compared to previous regional and global studies. This allows us to focus more accurately on variations of the potential scaling parameters with the source magnitude. However, the magnitude range of the employed events is limited to about 4 units. The FIR filter artefacts can generate spurious signals prior to the P-wave arrival, potentially affecting the Ellsworth-Beroza type signals, but are not a significant influence on any of the other measurements. The results indicate that candidates for the Ellsworth-Beroza signals, associated with identification of a weak arrival before the main P phase, exist in less than 20 per cent of the cases. The Iio type signals can be determined by definition on all waveforms. Both of these potential signatures of nucleation phases show little or no scaling with the final event size in the examined data. In contrast, the Nakamura and Wu-Zhao type signals in the first few seconds, which can also be determined by definition on all waveforms, appear to scale with the final event magnitude, albeit with large scatter. The relatively large time windows used in the analysis, compared to the rupture time of the employed events, implies that the results provide little if any information on the physical process of the rupture initiation. The scaling of the Nakamura and Wu-Zhao type early signals with the final event size may be explained by statistical tendency of stronger initial rupture phases to propagate larger distances.

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“… Ellsworth and Beroza [1995, 1998] and Beroza and Ellsworth [1996] presented similar scaling results using more events covering a greater range of magnitudes and proposed that the early weak arrivals reflect signatures of different‐sized nucleation phases. However, other observational studies [e.g., Anderson and Chen , 1995; Mori and Kanamori , 1996; Abercrombie and Mori , 1996; Kilb and Gomberg , 1999; Sato and Mori , 2006] found no scaling and sometimes opposite scaling between the time intervals separating early P arrivals and M .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some such scaling was observed in numerical simulations of earthquakes on a fault governed by rate‐state friction with heterogeneous critical slip distance [ Hillers et al , 2006, 2007]. However, other observational studies did not support the suggested scaling relations [e.g., Anderson and Chen , 1995; Mori and Kanamori , 1996; Abercrombie and Mori , 1996; Ishihara et al , 1992; Kilb and Gomberg , 1999; Sato and Mori , 2006]. The second general goal of studies on scaling between early signals of seismograms and event sizes is associated with efforts to obtain rapid estimates of magnitudes [e.g., Nakamura and Tucker , 1988; Kanamori , 2005] that can be used as early warning signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of scaling between earthquake magnitude and proposed early signals inPwaveforms from very near source stations in a South African gold mine

Lewis

Ben‐Zion

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We analyze near-source seismograms recorded in a deep South African mine for scaling between signals early in P waveforms and the magnitude M of the events. The data consist of recordings at 26 stations of 122 events with À1.5 < M < 2.5 and hypocentral distances as low as $60 m. We examine four signals belonging to two classes. Signals in the first class include Ellsworth-Beroza and Iio measurements, assumed to reflect signatures of seismic nucleation phases. Signals in the second class consist of Nakamura-type predominant period and Wu-Zhao corrected peak displacement in the early waveforms, related to measures of the stress drop and local magnitude. Candidates for the Ellsworth-Beroza signals, involving a weak arrival before the main P phase, exist for only 20-30% of the waveforms. These phases do not appear to be associated with a general component of the rupture initiation process. The Iio signal increases with increasing M but may be attributed, at least partially, to statistical effects. The predominant period and peak displacement have significant correlations with M, which remain robust when the analysis time window is reduced from 3 s or before the S wave arrival to 0.01 s. The latter is shorter than the estimated rupture duration for events with M > $0, implying that the final earthquake size is affected statistically by the initial rupture process. If these correlations hold for larger earthquakes, as suggested by other studies, the early predominant period and peak displacement are useful for early warning systems.Citation: Lewis, M. A., and Y. Ben-Zion (2008), Examination of scaling between earthquake magnitude and proposed early signals in P waveforms from very near source stations in a South African gold mine,

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Characteristics of Earthquakes in the Mexican Subduction Zone on Strong Motion Accelerograms

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California Sequence

Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California Sequence

Examination of scaling between proposed early signals in P waveforms and earthquake magnitudes

Examination of scaling between earthquake magnitude and proposed early signals inPwaveforms from very near source stations in a South African gold mine

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