Characteristics of dyslexia and dysgraphia in a Chinese patient with semantic dementia

Wu, Xinxin; Liu, Xiaojia; Sun, Zhongren; Chromik, Lindsay C.; Zhang, Yawei

doi:10.1080/13554794.2014.892621

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…While previous cases report similar surface dyslexia patterns in Chinese-speaking semantic dementia patients {25–27}, we have also observed a different dyslexia pattern of in our svPPA patients, which ranges from failing to recognize characters as a whole (rather than ‘regularizing’ it), to deep dyslexia {28, 29}. In this study, we aim to further characterize dyslexia patterns in Chinese-speaking svPPA patients, and will compare it to English-speaking svPPA patients.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…This is consistent with current literature suggesting a dual route model in reading for alphabetic languages, in which svPPA patients exhibit an over-reliance on the dorsal GPC route, which produces regularization error. While Chinese is considered an opaque language, with regularization errors described in both developmental and acquired dyslexic patients {9, 27}, Weekes predicted based on the triangle model that the presence of surface-like dyslexia is attributable to selective damage to the lexical semantic pathway. This type of error is also described as Legitimate Alternative Reading of Components (LARC) {55}, which was originally described in Japanese speaker {56}.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dyslexic Characteristics of Chinese-Speaking Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Ting

Foo

Chia

et al. 2018

JNP

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Reading disorder is a recognized feature in Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). Surface dyslexia, characterized by regularization errors, is typically seen in the English-speaking semantic variant of PPA (svPPA). However, dyslexic characteristics of other languages, particularly logographical languages such as Chinese, remain sparse in the literature. This study aims to characterize and describe the dyslexic pattern in this group of patients by comparing the English-speaking svPPA group to the Chinese-speaking group. We hypothesize that Chinese-speaking individuals with svPPA will likely commit less surface dyslexic errors. By accessing the database of Singapore’s National Neuroscience Institute and National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center of United States, we identified 3 Chinese- and 18 English-speaking svPPA patients for comparison respectively. The results suggest that instead of surface dyslexia, Chinese-speaking svPPA is characterized by a profound deep dyslexic error. Based on current evidence suggesting the role of temporal pole as semantic convergence center, we conclude that this region also mediates and converges lexical-semantic significance in logographical languages.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslexic Characteristics of Chinese-Speaking Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Ting

Foo

Chia

et al. 2018

JNP

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“…Indeed, the few case reports that have described dysgraphia in Chinese patients with PPA revealed orthographic errors less depicted in English language users, specifically homophone errors, orthographically similar errors, and reversal of compound word errors. [16][17][18] Although enlightening, these case reports mainly provide impressionistic findings that only involve one of the PPA variants. Based on the cognitive architecture of orthographic processing and the neuroanatomical changes specific to the 3 PPA variants, we speculated that (1) Chinese patients with svPPA would show a higher occurrence of phonologically plausible errors attributed to lexical-semantic knowledge loss; (2) orthographically similar errors would be more prevalent in Chinese patients with lvPPA due to visuospatial impairment; and (3) Chinese individuals with nfvPPA would commonly present with compound word errors secondary to executive dysfunction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysgraphia Phenotypes in Native Chinese Speakers With Primary Progressive Aphasia

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives:To date, most primary progressive aphasia (PPA) literature is based on English language users. Naturally, linguistic features that vary from English, such as logographic writing systems, are under-investigated. The present study characterized the dysgraphia phenotypes of PPA patients who write in Chinese and investigated their diagnostic utility in classifying PPA variants.Methods:This study recruited 40 PPA participants and 20 cognitively-normal participants from San Francisco, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We measured dictation accuracy using the Chinese Language Assessment for PPA (CLAP) 60-character orthographic dictation test and examined the occurrence of various writing errors across the study groups. We also performed voxel-based morphometry analysis to identify the grey matter regions correlated with dictation accuracy and prevalence of writing errors.Results:All PPA groups produced significantly less accurate writing responses than the control group, and no significant differences in dictation accuracy were noted among the PPA variants. With a cut-score of 36 out of 60 in the CLAP orthographic dictation task, the test achieved sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 95% in identifying Chinese PPA participants from controls. In addition to a character frequency effect, dictation accuracy was also affected by homophone density and the number of strokes in svPPA and lvPPA groups. Dictation accuracy was correlated with volumetric changes over left ventral temporal cortices, regions known to be critical for orthographic long-term memory. Individuals with semantic variant PPA frequently presented with phonologically plausible errors at lexical level; logopenic variant PPA patients showed higher preponderance towards visual and stroke errors; and nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA patients commonly exhibited compound word and radical errors. The prevalence of phonologically plausible, visual and compound word errors was negatively correlated with cortical volume over the bilateral temporal regions, left temporo-occipital area, and bilateral orbitofrontal gyri, respectively.Discussion:The findings demonstrate the potential role of the orthographic dictation task as a screening tool and PPA classification indicator in Chinese language users. Each PPA variant had specific Chinese dysgraphia phenotypes that vary from those previously reported in English PPA patients, highlighting the importance of language diversity in PPA.

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“…(2) Visually related errors: Visually related errors occur when the output corresponds to a character that is orthographically similar to the target ( 29 ). For instance, misreading “旱” (hàn/drought) as a visually similar character “早” (zǎo/morning) ( 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslexia and dysgraphia of primary progressive aphasia in Chinese: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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IntroductionCurrently, little is known about Chinese-speaking primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients compared to patients who speak Indo-European languages. We examined the demographics and clinical manifestations, particularly reading and writing characteristics, of Chinese patients with PPA over the last two decades to establish a comprehensive profile and improve diagnosis and care.MethodsWe reviewed the demographic features, clinical manifestations, and radiological features of Chinese-speaking PPA patients from 56 articles published since 1994. We then summarized the specific reading and writing errors of Chinese-speaking patients.ResultsThe average age of onset for Chinese-speaking patients was in their early 60's, and there were slightly more male patients than female patients. The core symptoms and images of Chinese-speaking patients were similar to those of patients who speak Indo-European languages. Reading and writing error patterns differed due to Chinese's distinct tone and orthography. The types of reading errors reported in Chinese-speaking patients with PPA included tonal errors, regularization errors, visually related errors, semantic errors, phonological errors, unrelated errors, and non-response. Among these errors, regularization errors were the most common in semantic variant PPA, and tonal errors were specific to Chinese. Writing errors mainly consisted of non-character errors (stroke, radical/component, visual, pictograph, dyskinetic errors, and spatial errors), phonologically plausible errors, orthographically similar errors, semantic errors, compound word errors, sequence errors, unrelated errors, and non-response.ConclusionThis paper provides the latest comprehensive demographic information and unique presentations on the reading and writing of Chinese-speaking patients with PPA. More detailed studies are needed to address the frequency of errors in reading and writing and their anatomical substrates.

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Characteristics of dyslexia and dysgraphia in a Chinese patient with semantic dementia

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Dyslexic Characteristics of Chinese-Speaking Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Dyslexic Characteristics of Chinese-Speaking Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia

Dysgraphia Phenotypes in Native Chinese Speakers With Primary Progressive Aphasia

Dyslexia and dysgraphia of primary progressive aphasia in Chinese: A systematic review

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