“…Vietnam veterans have been the focus of much mental health research investigating the impact of combat exposure (Kulka et al, 1990), the potential long-term effects of combat and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Koenen et al, 2008), and the PTSD treatment process (Elliott, Biddle, Hawthorne, Forbes, & Creamer, 2005). Recent research suggests that military personnel serving in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) return with similar mental health concerns to previous eras, including PTSD, depression, substance abuse, and generalized anxiety disorder (Felker, Hawkins, Dobie, Gutierrez, & McFall, 2008;Hoge et al, 2004;Jacobson et al, 2008).…”