Characteristics of chronic left ventricular hypertrophy induced by subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Immunity Activities of Quercetin in Isoproterenol-Treated Rats

“…Experimental models using aortic or renal artery constriction, which induce cardiac hypertrophy by pressure-overload, and exercise-training, which induces cardiac hypertrophy by volume overload, demonstrated an increased susceptibility to ischemia compared to normal myocardium [ 7 , 8 ]. Another, non-surgical technique to induce cardiac hypertrophy in rats uses subcutaneous injections of the catecholamine isoproterenol (ISO).…”

Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts

“…Vascular morphology and capacity are normal in more recent studies supporting adequate vascular capacity for the hypertrophied LV, although earlier studies had variable results, reviewed by Tomanek [ 238 ]. However, in patients and animals with aortic valve stenosis or IHSS, and experimental animals with sub-coronary aortic stenosis where coronary perfusion pressure is normal while LV pressure is elevated, in contrast to supravalvular stenosis or systemic hypertension, there is subendocardial fibrosis and myofibril loss associated with reduction of normal coronary subendocardial blood flow [ 240 , 241 , 242 ].…”

“…However, not all patients or animals with severe hypertrophy progress to failure [ 264 , 265 , 266 , 267 , 268 , 269 ]. Following the repair of aortic stenosis in both patients and experimental animals, both structural and functional recovery suggests that other factors than the amount of collagen play a role in the complex hypertrophic response [ 240 , 241 , 242 , 264 , 270 ].…”

“…The process of necrotic cell death due to ischemia is characterized by nuclear and cytoplasmic changes, rupture of the cell membrane with the release of contents to the cytoplasm inciting an inflammatory response ending in fibrosis. Examples of this type of cell death include aortic or subaortic stenosis with a coronary flow imbalance between the low-pressure coronary artery and the high-pressure LV [ 240 , 241 , 242 ], sudden acute experimental occlusions of the aorta or pulmonary artery [ 243 , 244 ], advanced LV hypertrophy with additional stress such as imposed exercise [ 232 ], and the imbalance of coronary flow with stress requirements in late-stage LVH and failure [ 215 , 230 ].…”

Myocyte contractile dysfunction with hypertrophy and failure: Relevance to cardiac surgery

“…In hypertrophied myocardium, reduced basal levels of high-energy phosphates such as ATP have been reported. 53 This reduction in intrinsic levels of high-energy phosphates will also impede energy-dependent resequestration of Ca 2+ and thereby cause increased cytosolic Ca 2+ levels in hypertrophy and/or failure. 54 Hypothermic, hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest is associated with an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ .…”