Characteristics of chimpanzee (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina

Young, Leona G.; Smithwick, Eleanor B.; Gould, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1002/ajp.1350350405

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…These findings suggest that at least sperm yield is better using the physiologically more natural stimulation as provided by PVS. This assumption is corroborated by a comparative study in chimpanzees where sperm concentration in naturally produced ejaculates was much higher than in samples obtained by RPE [Young et al, 1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Non-invasive collection of ejaculates from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using penile vibrostimulation

et al. 2000

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Penile vibrostimulation (PVS), a noninvasive repeatable method, has been shown in the squirrel monkey to yield semen of higher quality than rectal probe electro‐ejaculation (RPE). The present study aimed at establishing the conditions for PVS to collect ejaculates from marmoset monkeys. Ten adult males were trained on the appropriate handling before each was subject to six to 12 PVS tests. Ejaculation was stimulated using a FertiCare® personal vibrator fitted with a 2 cm × 0.5 cm i.d. glass tube. The stimulus was repeatedly applied over a frequency of 75–95 Hz and amplitude of 1–2 mm for up to 20 min. Ejaculates were analyzed for volume, total sperm number, sperm concentration, and proportion of living and motile sperm. Ejaculates were obtained in 31 of 88 PVS tests; 87.1% of the ejaculations occurred at 80–85 Hz frequency and 1–1.5 mm amplitude. In 18 tests ejaculates were produced within 49.7 seconds. Ejaculates were characterized by (mean values): volume 31.9 μl, total sperm number 34.2 × 106/ejaculate, concentration 1,154.2 × 106 sperm/ml, live sperm 74.6%, motile sperm 59.6%. Total number and concentration of spermatozoa were significantly enhanced in singly living males. PVS yielded three to four times more spermatozoa than comparable previously published values for RPE. Enhancing the success rate by preselecting males for responsiveness may render PVS the sperm collection method of choice in marmoset monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 52:149–154, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Non-invasive collection of ejaculates from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using penile vibrostimulation

et al. 2000

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“…Published studies of chimpanzee sperm biology have pointed out many similarities between chimpanzees and humans, while providing evidence for much individual variation within each species (Olson and Gould, 1981;Marson et al, 1991;Gould et al, 1993;Young et al, 1995;Gould and Young, 1996). For example, data on chimpanzee sperm motility and fertilizing capacity were directly comparable with those from humans (Bedford, 1974;Gould et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional evidence for differences in sperm competition in humans and chimpanzees

Anderson

Chapman

Videan

et al. 2007

American J Phys Anthropol

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Sperm competition occurs when the gametes of or more males compete for opportunities to fertilize a given set of ova. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain morphological characteristics are affected by sperm competition intensity (e.g. relative testes size and sperm midpiece volume). This study examined whether aspects of sperm energetics may also be affected by sexual selection. We compared the membrane potential of mitochondria in live sperm between H. sapiens (single partner mating system) and P. troglodytes (multiple partner mating system). Flow cytometry of sperm stained with the carbocyanine fluorescent dye JC-1 (an assay for mitochondrial membrane potential) revealed marked differences in red fluorescence intensity. P. troglodytes sperm showed significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondria provide a substantial part of the energy required for sperm motility. A higher mitochondrial loading may therefore be associated with enhanced sperm motility and/or longevity. Additionally, examination of JC-1 red fluorescence levels before and after in vitro capacitation revealed further differences. Whereas chimpanzee sperm showed maintenance of membrane potential after capacitation (in some cases even an increase), sperm from humans consistently showed reduction in membrane potential. These results indicate that the sperm of human beings and chimpanzees exhibit marked differences in mitochondrial function, which are affected by selection pressures relating to sperm competition and that these pressures differ significantly between humans and chimpanzees.

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“…Because of the time required and difficulties encountered in conditioning great apes to voluntarily produce a semen sample by masturbation or artificial vagina (AV) [Gould, 1990], the most widely used method of semen collection has been by rectal probe electroejaculation (EEJ). A comparison of the AV and EEJ semen collection methods in chimpanzees revealed similar percentages of motile and live spermatozoa, but semen volume and sperm concentration were lower in the EEJ samples [Young et al, 1995]. Differences were also found in the coagulation and biochemical characteristics of semen obtained by the two methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Birth of a Western Lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

et al. 1997

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A 21‐year‐old multiparous female exhibiting 31–41 day menstrual cycles was given hFSH (225 IU/day, Metrodin 75, from cycle day 3 through 9 (menses = day 1) and hCG (10,000 IU, Profasi, on day 10 to stimulate follicular development. At 35 h after hCG, under isoflurane (AErrane) anesthesia, follicles were aspirated by controlled suction under transvaginal ultrasound guidance. Metaphase II oocyctes (n = 11) were placed in modified human tubal fluid (mHTF, 100 μl) medium under oil at 37°C in humidified 5% CO2. Frozen semen, collected by voluntary ejaculation, was thawed (70°C H2O bath, 6 sec), diluted slowly, centrifuged, and resuspended in mHTF, and 160,000 motile spermatozoa/ml were added at 6 h after oocyte recovery. At 21 h postinsemination (p.i.) eight oocytes were at the two‐cell stage, five were cryopreserved, and three were cultured to the six‐ to eight‐cell stage in mHTF with granulosa cells before transcervical uterine transfer at 47 h p.i. using a Teflon catheter. Micronized progesterone (400 mg/d) was orally administered for 10 weeks posttransfer (p.t.). Ultrasound examination revealed a single fetus at 15 weeks p.t., and unassisted delivery of a live 1.37 kg female infant occurred at 29 weeks. Am. J. Primatol. 41:247–260, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Characteristics of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina

Abstract: This study compares characteristics of ejaculates collected from 16 adult male chimpanzees using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) and from 10 adult male chimpanzees trained to use a n artificial vagina (AV). Ejaculate weight, semen volume, and sperm number were significantly lower

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Non-invasive collection of ejaculates from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using penile vibrostimulation

Non-invasive collection of ejaculates from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using penile vibrostimulation

Functional evidence for differences in sperm competition in humans and chimpanzees

Birth of a Western Lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

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