Characteristics of Cellulolytic Cillobacteria from the Rumens of Sheep Fed Teff (Eragrostis tef) Hay Diets

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Toorn

1986

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Since type strain B348 of Eubacterium cellulosolvens (Cillobacterium cellulosolvens Bryant, Small, Bouma, and Robinson) was lost, we propose that van Gylswyk and Hoffman strain 6 (= ATCC 00000) be designated the neotype strain of this species. The characteristics of the neotype strain are compared with the characteristics of strains described elsewhere and with some of the most important characteristics of strains recently isolated by us from sheep rumina. , it appears that at least one strain has been isolated from the intestinal tract of a hog. The original description of the species was based on the characteristics of a single strain, B348, which was also the type strain. Since this strain was lost soon after isolation (1) and since some of the characteristics of most strains studied subsequently differ from characteristics of the type strain, it was deemed appropriate to designate a neotype strain. In this paper we also describe some of the most important characteristics of E. cellulosolvens strains isolated during a recent study (4) in which the predominant fiber-digesting bacteria in rumina of sheep fed corn stover-based rations were examined. Cillobacterium ceilulosolvens MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The origins of 10 strains identified as E. cellulosolvens and one strain (strain X4B54) which was placed in a group called "coccoid rods" by van der Linden et al. (4) are shown in Table 1.Methods. The anaerobic techniques and basal medium used have been described previously (6). The strains were maintained on rumen fluid (40%) agar (15 g/liter) slopes containing 15 g of ball-milled Whatman no. 1 filter paper per liter (or 15 g of xylan [Fluka] per liter in the case of strain X4B54). The motility of strains C3E34 and X4B54 was determined microscopically after growth on agar slopes containing 5 g of cellobiose per liter and 5 g of xylan per liter, respectively. The ability to ferment different carbon and energy sources (5 g/liter) was tested in poorly buffered medium (6). The fermentation products were determined in medium containing ball-milled filter paper (10 g/liter) for cellulolytic strains and xylan (20 ghiter) for strain X4B54. Four strains (strains 2, ST [T = type strain], C3E34, and X4B54) were grown in basal medium containing 5 g of cellobiose per liter to determine the isomers of lactic acid produced. To determine guanine-plus-cytosine contents, cells were grown in basal medium (6) containing 5 g of cellobiose per liter.Determinations of fermentation products by gas-liquid chromatography or enzymic methods and of the base compositions of deoxyribonucleic acids from the ratios of absorbance at 245 nm to absorbance at 270 nm of purified deoxyribonucleic acids from selected strains were done by methods described previously (6). RESULTSThe 11 strains studied conformed in morphology, dimensions, and Gram reaction to previous descriptions of E. cellulosolvens (5). Strains C3E34 and X4B54 were both motile. The latter strain was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and up to five flagell...

“…The 11 strains studied conformed in morphology, dimensions, and Gram reaction to previous descriptions of E. cellulosolvens (5). Strains C3E34 and X4B54 were both motile.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…This strain did not produce L-lactic acid but produced 2.4 mmol of D-lactic acid per 100 ml of medium. In a previous study (5) we determined the total lactic acid production by nine very similar strains. Hence, strains 2 and 6T were examined for the production of the two isomers after growth in medium containing cellobiose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and Designation of a Neotype Strain of Eubacterium cellulosolvens (Cillobacterium cellulosolvens Bryant, Small, Bouma and Robinson) Holdeman and Moore

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Toorn

1986

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“…Cellobiose-rumen fluid agar medium (0.5 %) was prepared as described by van Gylswyk & Hoffman (1970).…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth Response of Cellulolytic Acetate-utilizing and Acetate-producing Butyrivibrios to Volatile Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients

Roche

Albertyn

Journal of General Microbiology

et al. 1973

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S U M M A R YThe growth responses of 33 strains of cellulolytic butyrivibrios, isolated from the rumens of sheep fed on low-protein teE hay diets, to various combinations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) have been determined. Propionate alone was generally retardatory to the acetate-utilizing strains whilst acetate was stimulatory .Branched-chain VFA were generally stimulatory to those strains on which propionate had a retardatory effect, and retardatory to those strains on which propionate had no effect. Propionate alone was generally stimulatory to the acetate-producing strains and the effect of acetate and branched-chain VFA was variable. The major nutrient requirements of a few selected acetate-utilizing and acetate-producing strains are presented. A chemically defined medium was formulated which permits as good growth as a rumen-fluid medium for the acetateutilizing butyrivibrios, Ruminococcus albus and Cillobacterium cellulosolvens.

“…All the isolates (12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24) grew anaerobically but they often also showed considerable growth in the upper part of deep agar stab cultures, the surface of which was exposed to air containing 10 % COz (van Gylswyk & Hoffman, 1970). In the case of isolates 12, 15, 20, 22, 23 and 24, growth was noticed up to the surface of the medium in at least one of the runs.…”

Section: N 0 V a N G Y L S W Y K A N D C E G Rochfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One group, Cillobacterium cellulosolvens, has since been described in detail (van Gylswyk & Hoffman, 1970 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Ruminococcus

Journal of General Microbiology

Roche

1970

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SUMMARYTwenty-four representative isolates of cellulolytic cocci and ten of cellulolytic rods from the rumens of sheep fed differently supplemented teff hay diets were characterized. Nine of the coccal isolates could be classified as Ruminococcus albus and twelve as R. jlavefaciens. Three were classified as a new variety of R.Jlavefaciens, R.Jlavefaciens var. lacticus, on the basis of the preponderance of lactic acid among the products of cellulose fermentation. Two of the isolates did not fit into any of these groups. The rods were identified as ButyrivibrioJibrisolvens. Tests for the presumptive identification of cellulolytic bacteria from the rumen are discussed. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe effect of variously supplementing low-protein teff hay on the numbers and types of predominant cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen was described in a previous paper (van Gylswyk, 1970), but only a presumptive identification of the bacteria was made. One group, Cillobacterium cellulosolvens, has since been described in detail (van Gylswyk & Hoffman, 1970 METHODSThe culture techniques, media and identification tests used in this study were as described by van Gylswyk & Hoffman (1970) except that succinate was determined according to the method of Kmetec (1966). All determinations were done at least in duplicate, and data in Tables I and 2 represent mean values. Aggregation and cell dimensions were noted on at least nine occasions, using Gram-stained preparations. RESULTSIsolates 19,20,21,22,23,24 and 41 were obtained from sheep fed on unsupplemented low-protein teff hay; 15, 17, 18, 28 and 46 from sheep fed on hay supplemented with urea; 12, 27, 38, 39 and 40 from sheep fed on hay supplemented with protein and the