Characteristics of Cataracts in the Chinese Singaporean.

Sekiya, Hiroshi; Shui, Ying Bo; Kojima, Masami; Chew, Sek-Jin; Ono, Masaji; Katoh, Nobuyo; Cheng, Hong-Ming; Takahashi, Naohiko; Sasaki, Kohsuke

doi:10.2188/jea.11.16

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While the results of Matsuda et al [3] can be attributed mostly to the genetic factor or race [9], our results support an additional possibility of the environmental factor, for example the difference in climates in the two survey sites [10]. It is tempting to speculate that the ambient UV and/ or temperature may be responsible for this difference; indeed, there is evidence of an increase in UV-related cataract prevalence in Singapore [8]. Further studies are clearly needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

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Prevalence of Primary Cornea guttata and Morphology of Corneal Endothelium in Aging Japanese and Singaporean Subjects

et al. 2002

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The purpose of the present study was to examine, in the aging people, racial and gender differences in the morphology of corneal endothelium as well as the incidence of cornea guttata in two Asian subject groups, one in Singapore and the other in Japan. Four hundred and sixty-five Chinese Singaporeans and 299 Japanese subjects (residents of Monzen-machi, Ishikawa Prefecture) aged 50 years and older were recruited for the study. Corneal endothelial abnormalities were diagnosed with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and specular microscopy. Primary cornea guttata appeared as beaten metal appearance in slit-lamp images and dark regions in specular images. In addition to cornea guttata, corneal endothelial morphology was also analysed with specular microscopy. The mean cell density was 2,808/mm² in the Japanese subjects which was significantly higher than the 2,718/mm² seen in the Singaporeans (p < 0.001). The incidence of cornea guttata was significantly higher in the Singaporeans than in the Japanese individuals and also higher in women than in men of both racial groups. These differences support not only a racial and a gender factor but also a possible environmental influence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…We performed ophthalmological examination as part of an epidemiological survey on residents of Singapore [8] and Monzen-machi, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Singapore is a tropical country located near the equator at 1°N.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Primary Cornea guttata and Morphology of Corneal Endothelium in Aging Japanese and Singaporean Subjects

et al. 2002

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“…Details of the other studies have been described elsewhere [4][5][6] . There were 1,045 participants in Iceland and 517 in Singapore.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this situation, the WHO study group proposed the newly established cataract classifi cation system [2] . For purposes of this study, and to assist other researchers to make such comparisons, from our own Japanese Cooperative Cataract Epidemiology Study Group system (JCCESG system) [3] , data of the same subjects from previous surveys [4][5][6] have been converted in accordance with the new WHO classifi cation system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences of Lens Transparency Properties with Aging and Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract Applying a WHO Classification System

Sasaki

Sekiya²,

Jónasson³

et al. 2004

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To investigate racial differences of lens transparency properties and the prevalence of lens opacification by age. Methods: Lenses of randomly selected Asian (1,038 Japanese and 517 Singaporeans) and Caucasian (1,045 Icelanders) subjects were evaluated for their lens transparency property (LTP). The prevalence of lens opacification was determined with a newly proposed WHO cataract classification system. Results: LTP increased with aging for all nationalities. Light scattering intensity was significantly higher in the Singaporeans followed by the Icelandic subjects. The prevalence of cortical opacification in Singaporeans was significantly higher than those of the other nationalities up to the age of 60, and the prevalence in Asians was significantly higher than that in Caucasians aged 60–69. Cortical opacification was more prevalent than the other types for both Japanese and Icelanders in their 50s, 60s and 70s. Regarding the central optical zone, the prevalence in the Singaporeans was significantly higher than in the other two groups in their 50s and 60s. The prevalence of nuclear opacification in Singaporeans was markedly higher than those of the two other groups for all ages. Subcapsular cataract was the least prevalent type for all age groups and nationalities; however, the highest prevalence was observed in Singaporeans. Conclusions: Lens transparency decreased with age in the Singaporeans more markedly than in the other two groups. The high prevalence of nuclear opacification in Singaporeans is considered to be due to environmental rather than race-specific factors.

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“…Occurrence of ASC is associated with several conditions [Marcantonio et al, 2003] involving trauma [Tang et al, 2003] or infl ammation and irritation of the eye, as occurs in atopic dermatitis [Sasaki, 1998;Brandonisio et al, 2001], which are all conditions associated with altered levels of TGF ␤ expression or activation. Interestingly, ASC is more prevalent in Asia, particularly Japan and Singapore [Sasaki et al, 2001] than it is in western societies [Deane et al, 1997;Marcantonio et al, 2003]. The reasons for this are still not clear.…”

Section: Tgf ␤ -Induced Emt: a Model Of Anterior Subcapsular Cataractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Lens: A Model for Cataract Formation

Iongh

Wederell²,

Lovicu³

et al. 2005

Cells Tissues Organs

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The vertebrate lens has a distinct polarity and structure that are regulated by growth factors resident in the ocular media. Fibroblast growth factors, in concert with other growth factors, are key regulators of lens fiber cell differentiation. While members of the transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily have also been implicated to play a role in lens fiber differentiation, inappropriate TGFβ signaling in the anterior lens epithelial cells results in an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that bears morphological and molecular resemblance to forms of human cataract, including anterior subcapsular (ASC) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO; also known as secondary cataract or after-cataract), which occurs after cataract surgery. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that this TGFβ-induced EMT is part of a wound healing response in lens epithelial cells and is characterized by induced expression of numerous extracellular matrix proteins (laminin, collagens I, III, tenascin, fibronectin, proteoglycans), intermediate filaments (desmin, α-smooth muscle actin) and various integrins (α2, α5, α7B), as well as the loss of epithelial genes [Pax6, Cx43, CP49, α-crystallin, E-cadherin, zonula occludens-1 protein (ZO-1)]. The signaling pathways involved in initiating the EMT seem to primarily involve the Smad-dependent pathway, whereby TGFβ binding to specific high affinity cell surface receptors activates the receptor-Smad/Smad4 complex. Recent studies implicate other factors [such as fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), hepatocyte growth factor, integrins], present in the lens and ocular environment, in the pathogenesis of ASC and PCO. For example, FGF signaling can augment many of the effects of TGFβ, and integrin signaling, possibly via ILK, appears to mediate some of the morphological features of EMT initiated by TGFβ. Increasing attention is now being directed at the network of signaling pathways that effect the EMT in lens epithelial cells, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets to inhibit cataract, particularly PCO, which remains a significant clinical problem in ophthalmology.

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Characteristics of Cataracts in the Chinese Singaporean.

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of Primary Cornea guttata and Morphology of Corneal Endothelium in Aging Japanese and Singaporean Subjects

Prevalence of Primary Cornea guttata and Morphology of Corneal Endothelium in Aging Japanese and Singaporean Subjects

Racial Differences of Lens Transparency Properties with Aging and Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract Applying a WHO Classification System

Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Lens: A Model for Cataract Formation

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