Characteristics of Calculi in the Urinary Tract

Abstract

Introduction:Elimination of stone is determined by size and its localization. Stone from the ureter in 80% of cases can be eliminated spontaneously. If the stone by its characteristics is not spontaneously eliminated, taken are further steps and therapeutic protocols to solve this problem.Material and methods:The study was prospective, open and comparative. It was conducted at the Urology Clinic Clinical Center of Sarajevo University in the period from 2007 to 2013. The study included 404 patients with urinary tract lithiasis treated by ESWL. ESWL treatment is performed on the machine Siemens Model Lithostar Multiline, which has a combined ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic display, large energy density in order to obtain optimum focus (without damaging surrounding tissue) and minimal pain that on rare occasions requires for mild sedation-sedation.Results:From a total of 404 patients included in the study there were 234 (57.92%) male and 170 (42.08%) female patients. The most common type of stone both in female and male patients was calcium type. From a total of 262 calcium stones, 105 of them (40.07%) was present in female patients and 157 (59.92%) in male. Share of infectious type of stone in female patients was 63 (49.60%) and 64 among males (50.39%). Other stones were less abundant in both the gender groups and their total number was only 17. In women their frequency was 2 (13.33%) and 13 among males (86.67%). There was a significant difference in the frequency of different types of stones by gender (χ2 = 11.47, p = 0.009).Conclusion:There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of treatments and localization of stones in the ureter, as well as a statistically significant correlation between the size of the stone and the localization of calculus in the ureter.

Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy in renal and ureteric stones: an institutional experience

“…Urolithiasis is one of the most common clinical conditions in the history of medicine [1]. Another important aspect of this disease is its recurrence rate which spans from 60 to 80% over a span of 20 years [1].…”

“…Urolithiasis is one of the most common clinical conditions in the history of medicine [1]. Another important aspect of this disease is its recurrence rate which spans from 60 to 80% over a span of 20 years [1]. The disease has got more prevalence in men; and there is possibility of 5% of women and 12% of men experiencing one episode of renal colic as a minimum during their lifetime.…”

“…People in their 4 th and 5 th decade of life are usually affected with this disease. Hence it leads to a considerable economic loss to the family and society [1].…”

A fluid‐structure interaction (FSI)‐based numerical investigation of peristalsis in an obstructed human ureter

“…Urolithiasis occurs due to different environmental and metabolic factors, including acidity in urine, urinary tract infection (struvite stones), and genetic disorder (cystine stone) . Stones smaller than a diameter of 2 mm normally pass through the urinary tract spontaneously . According to Segura et al, for stones of diameter smaller than 1 cm in the proximal ureter, shock wave lithotripsy is a preferable procedure before moving to a more invasive surgical procedure.…”

Management outcome of obstructed kidney disease due to stones: experience from Gezira hospital for renal disease and surgery, Sudan

“…Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries .An 8.5% of AKI in Sudanese Children due to urinary tract obstruction by stone (Abdelraheem et al 2014).Incidence of urinary stones in the industrialized world is associated with improved standards of living (mainly including the high dietary intake of proteins and minerals) as well as with race, ethnicity and region of residence (Stamatelou et al 2003). Stones which cause obstructive nephropathy, were found more common in the kidney than in the ureter (Prstojevic et al 2014).Renal and ureteral stones are a common problem in primary care practice (Fwu et al 2013). The asymptomatic phase is more likely to persist in those who have never had a clinical episode of renal colic (Glowacki et al 1992).…”