Characteristics of Biomechanical and Physical Function According to Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Acetabular Impingement Syndrome in Young Adults

Abstract

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is caused by hip joint anomalies. Although asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI have been reported in young adults, information on biomechanical and functional characteristics of FAI is rare. We compared the subjective hip score, range of motion (ROM), dynamic balance, and hip strength between symptomatic FAI (FAIsym) and asymptomatic FAI (FAIasym) groups and healthy controls. Participants (n = 307; men: 155, women: 152) were classified according to morphological abnormalities and hip joint symptoms, comprising symptomatic FAI, asymptomatic FAI, and healthy controls. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), hip ROM, Y-balance test (YBT), and isokinetic hip strength were measured. The types of FAI were not significantly differenent in both men and women. FAIsym exhibited significantly reduced HAGOS, whereas FAIasym showed no significant difference compared to the healthy group (men: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 87.2 vs. FAIsym 49.9, women: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 86.2 vs. FAIsym 53.9). Hip flexion, adduction, and internal and external rotation ROMs were only significantly reduced in symptomatic FAI. Asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI groups displayed significantly lower YBT scores than healthy controls (men healthy: 84.9 vs. FAIasym: 69.0 vs. FAIsym 58.7, women healthy 79.2 vs. FAIasym 64.0 vs. FAIsym 55.5). Isokinetic hip flexion, adduction, and abduction strengths were significantly lower in FAIsym. In conclusion, FAIasym showed no decrease in muscle strength but displayed reduced dynamic balance. Subjective satisfaction, ROM, muscle strength, and dynamic balance were lower in FAIsym compared to FAIasym and healthy groups.

Biomechanical Asymmetry of Strength and Dynamic Balance Kinetics in Middle-Ages with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip

“…Therefore, low dynamic balance in older individuals increases the risk of falls, which affects performance or causes impairment in activity for those involved in sports individuals [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Dynamic balance was low in this study, which was similar to the results of other studies showing a decrease in dynamic balance in patients with hip joint lesions [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Single-leg balance ability was reduced in patients with chondropathy, such as soft tissue injury of the hip joint and arthritis [ 31 ], and a study of the dynamic balance of patients with impingement syndrome, as in this study, also showed a significant decrease in the posteromedial and posterolateral directions than in the anterior direction [ 30 ].…”

“…Single-leg balance ability was reduced in patients with chondropathy, such as soft tissue injury of the hip joint and arthritis [ 31 ], and a study of the dynamic balance of patients with impingement syndrome, as in this study, also showed a significant decrease in the posteromedial and posterolateral directions than in the anterior direction [ 30 ]. In a study where dynamic balance was measured using YBT, the dynamic balance of asymptomatic or symptomatic patients with impingement syndrome was reduced equally [ 29 ]. The background of low dynamic balance in patients with ACH may be neuronal desensitization or sensory information abnormalities.…”

“…These results show results similar to those of previous study investigating the YBT of hip dysplasia patients. Even in the healthy side of the patient, the distance of the posterolateral direction was decreased compared to the healthy group [ 36 ], and patients with asymptomatic hip impingement syndrome showed significantly reduced distance in the YBT three directions compared to the healthy group [ 29 ].…”

“…Despite these findings, biomechanical results have limitations in terms of disease-specific explanation. This is because limited ROM and low muscle strength and balance are also found in individuals with other lesions, such as impingement syndrome and hip dysplasia [ 18 , 29 , 36 ]. Since our study was conducted at a single center, environmental diversity by region was not considered.…”