Characteristics of BeiDou-3 Experimental Satellite Clocks

Lv, Yongfeng; Geng, Tao; Zhao, Qile; Liu, Jingnan

doi:10.3390/rs10111847

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Their results demonstrated that the observational quality of the new-generation B1C/B2a/B2b signals from BDS-3 experimental satellites is comparable to their GPS/Galileo counterparts. Moreover, the performance of precise orbit determination, satellite clocks, precise point positioning, and relative positioning were also evaluated using observations from BDS-3 experimental satellites or together with BDS-2 satellites [2,7,8,[12][13][14][15]. Recently, several researchers have further presented their initial evaluation results for the new navigation signals transmitted by eight BDS-3 operational satellites, and similar results are also achieved as the experimental satellites [2,3,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential Inter-System Biases Estimation and Initial Assessment of Instantaneous Tightly Combined RTK with BDS-3, GPS, and Galileo

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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In this contribution, we assess, for the first time, the tightly combined real-time kinematic (RTK) with GPS, Galileo, and BDS-3 operational satellites using observations from their overlapping L1-E1-B1C/L5-E5a-B2a frequencies. First, the characteristics of B1C/B2a signals from BDS-3 operational satellites is evaluated compared to GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L5-E5a signals in terms of observed carrier-to-noise density ratio, pseudorange multipath and noise, as well as double-differenced carrier phase and code residuals using data collected with scientific geodetic iGMAS and commercial M300Pro receivers. It’s demonstrated that the observational quality of B1C/B2a signals from BDS-3 operational satellites is comparable to that of GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L5-E5a signals. Then, we investigate the size and stability of phase and code differential inter-system bias (ISB) between BDS-3/GPS/Galileo B1C-L1-E1/B2a-L5-E5a signals using short baseline data collected with both identical and different receiver types. It is verified that the BDS-3/GPS/Galileo ISBs are indeed close to zero when identical type of receivers are used at both ends of a baseline. Moreover, they are generally present and stable in the time domain for baselines with different receiver types, which can be easily calibrated and corrected in advance. Finally, we present initial assessment of single-epoch tightly combined BDS-3/GPS/Galileo RTK with single-frequency and dual-frequency observations using a formal and empirical analysis, consisting of ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP), ratio values, the empirical ambiguity resolution success rate, and the positioning accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the tightly combined model can deliver much lower ADOP and higher ratio values with respect to the classical loosely combined model whether for GPS/BDS-3 or GPS/Galileo/BDS-3 solutions. The positioning accuracy and the empirical ambiguity resolution success rate are remarkably improved as well, which could reach up to approximately 10%∼60% under poor observational conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differential Inter-System Biases Estimation and Initial Assessment of Instantaneous Tightly Combined RTK with BDS-3, GPS, and Galileo

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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“…Second, the satellite clock stability differs significantly between BDS‐2 and BDS‐3. Besides, the broadcast orbit and clock parameters are separately determined by orbit determination and time synchronization (OD & TS) and two‐way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) (Lv, Geng, Zhao, & Liu, 2018; Wu et al., 2017), which weakens the correlation between orbit errors and clock errors. Furthermore, BDS‐3 employs the inter‐satellite links (ISLs) to mitigate the challenges caused by limited ground stations, and thus, the associated SIS accuracy can be improved (Yang et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing BDS signal‐in‐space performance from integrity perspective

2021

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The full deployment of China's BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) was finalized in June 2020. To support safety‐critical applications, the system must provide assured signal‐in‐space (SIS) performance. As one of the key steps forward for BDS, this paper characterizes the SIS range errors (SISREs) for both the regional (BDS‐2) and the global (BDS‐3) systems from the integrity perspective. Following the safety standards in aviation, a data‐driven SISRE evaluation scheme is presented in this work. This scheme evaluates the overbounding user range accuracy (URA) and the prior fault probability to respectively capture the nominal and anomalous SIS behaviors. By processing the 4.5‐year ephemerides starting from 2016 for BDS‐2 and the recent 1.5‐year data from 2019 for BDS‐3, we preliminarily provide an overall picture of the BDS SIS characteristics and reveal the significant performance variation among different satellites.

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“…Technologies of the signal system [17], intersatellite links [18], and POD [19] were validated and analyzed. The atomic clock performance was also assessed with the clock data derived by the TWSTFT [20] or ODTS method [21,22]. Wu et al [20] analyzed the frequency stability, prediction accuracy, and clock rate variation, and the optimal stability at the averaging time of 86,400 s is 6.5 × 10 −15 for the IGSO satellite C32 with the Ka-band measurement noise of 3 × 10 −15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2895 3 of 17Lv et al [22] analyzed the stability, periodicity, and prediction precision of BDS-3e clocks. The 10,000 s stability of C32 with PHM is 2.6 × 10 −14 , which is comparable to Galileo PHM and GPS IIF RAFS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic Clock Performance Assessment of BeiDou-3 Basic System with the Noise Analysis of Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization

et al. 2019

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The basic system of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) with 18 satellites has been deployed since December 2018. As the primary frequency standard, BDS-3 satellites include two clock types with the passive hydrogen maser (PHM) and the rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS). Based on the final precise orbit and clock product from Xi’an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping (XRS), the atomic clock performance of BDS-3 satellites is evaluated, including the frequency accuracy, frequency drift rate, and frequency stability, and compared with GPS block IIF satellites with RAFS, Galileo satellites with PHM, and BDS-2 satellites. A data auto-editing procedure to preprocess clock data and assess the clock performance is developed, where the assessed results are derived at each continuous data arc and the outliers are excluded properly. The stability of XRS product noise is given by using some stations equipped with high-precision active hydrogen masers (AHM). The best stability is 8.93 × 10−15 and 1.85 × 10−15 for the averaging time of 10,000 s and 1 day, which is basically comparable to one-third of the in-orbit PHM frequency stability. The assessed results show the average frequency accuracy and drift rate of BDS-3 with RAFS are slightly worse while the stability is better than BDS-2 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. The 10,000 s stability is better but the 1-day stability is worse than GPS, which may be related to the performance of the BDS-3 RAFS clock. As for BDS-3 with PHM, the frequency accuracy is slightly worse than Galileo PHM satellites; the drift rate, when excluding C34 and C35, is basically comparable to Galileo and significantly better than GPS satellites; the stability is comparable to Galileo, where the 10,000 s stability is slightly worse than Galileo and better than GPS. The 1-day stability among BDS-3 PHM, GPS IIF RAFS, and Galileo PHM satellites is basically comparable.

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Characteristics of BeiDou-3 Experimental Satellite Clocks

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Differential Inter-System Biases Estimation and Initial Assessment of Instantaneous Tightly Combined RTK with BDS-3, GPS, and Galileo

Differential Inter-System Biases Estimation and Initial Assessment of Instantaneous Tightly Combined RTK with BDS-3, GPS, and Galileo

Characterizing BDS signal‐in‐space performance from integrity perspective

Atomic Clock Performance Assessment of BeiDou-3 Basic System with the Noise Analysis of Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization

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