Characteristics of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hanoi-Vietnam, as a Typical Motorbike City

Thuỳ, Phạm Châu; Kameda, Takayuki; Toriba, Akira; Tang, Ning; Hayakawa, Kazuichi

doi:10.1080/10406638.2012.679015

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The 1n-Pyr values in this study (32 ± 37 pg/m 3 ) were much lower than in Tokyo, Japan (106.3 pg/m 3 ) and Copenhagen, Demark (127 pg/m 3 ) 15 , 38 , but were comparable to Madrid, Spain (41 pg/m 3 ) 43 . The mean concentration of 7n-BaA in this study (29 ± 10 pg/m 3 ) was comparable with that in Cordoba, Argentina (23–28 pg/m 3 ), but lower than in urban Hanoi, Vietnam (41–214 pg/m 3 ), which has a high density of traffic 44 , 45 . The mean concentration of 6n-Chr, one of the most toxic nitro-PAHs, was 3.0 ± 0.9 pg/m 3 in this study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

Liu

Lin

Syed

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Sixteen parent PAHs and twelve nitro-PAHs were measured in PM2.5 samples collected over one year (2013–2014) at nine urban sites in China. During the sampling period, concentrations of individual nitro-PAHs were one or two orders of magnitude lower than their parent PAHs. Typical seasonal variations in parent PAH concentrations, which increased 10- to 80- fold in winter compared to summer, were observed in this study. Conversely, the mean atmospheric concentrations of nitro-PAHs were similar in all four seasons, with the exception of 9-nitroanthracene (9n-Ant). Compared to other nitro-PAHs which were secondary formation products, 9n-Ant had a higher concentration and made up a larger proportion of total nitro-PAHs. Positive matrix factorization results indicated that 9n-Ant sources included biomass burning (20%), vehicle exhaust emissions (43%), and secondary formation (30%). Overall, the elevated concentrations of parent PAHs observed in winter correlated with the contribution from coal combustion at all sites, especially in north China (>80%). The contribution of secondary formation products to total nitro-PAHs was measured during the summer, and was especially high in the larger cities such as Shanghai (84%), Beijing (76%), Guangzhou (60%), and Chengdu (64%), largely due to the summer concentrations of parent PAHs were markedly lower than in winter.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

Liu

Lin

Syed

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Motor bikes make up 90% of vehicles in Hanoi; most do not have catalytic convertors, and many are old and poorly maintained, contributing to increased emissions (Thuy et al, 2012). Interestingly, our results support these findings.…”

Section: Sources Of Pahs In the Five Citiessupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Atmospheric PAH levels in the Indian cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai are higher than in other cities around the world (Cheng et al, 2013), but are derived mainly from traditional biomass resources (Masih et al, 2012). In other cities such as Hanoi, Vietnam, multitudes of large commercial vehicles and motorbikes contribute greatly to PAHs (Kishida et al, 2008;Thuy et al, 2012). The main source of PAHs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is vehicular emissions, since motor vehicles contribute as much as 82% of atmospheric pollutants (MEQR, 1996; Atmospheric PAHs can be formed by coal or wood combustion or by petroleum combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Saha

Maharana

Kurumisawa

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The most prevalent pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is now plenteously distributed in the global atmosphere. We recently quantified 36 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with aerosols (particulate matter: PM) in five Asian cities: Tokyo (Japan), Beijing (China), Kolkata (India), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). Average atmospheric PAH concentrations (∑12 PAHs-ng m -3 ) increased in the order of Kuala Lumpur (2.99) ≈ Tokyo (3.95) < Hanoi (7.99) << Kolkata (63.5) << Beijing (142.8). The most abundant PAHs in PM samples in these cities were chrysene, benz [a]anthracene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene. We used the PAH compositions, especially the relative abundances of alkylated PAHs, and hopanes to determine vehicle exhaust-derived PAHs, and levoglucosan as a tracer for biomass burning, especially from wood combustion. Vehicle exhaust contributed to atmospheric PAHs in all cities, indicated by higher ratios of (C 30 17α)/total PAHs and MPAHs/PAHs than coal and wood combustion products. Coal combustion contributed also in winter aerosols in Beijing, indicated by higher abundance of β isomers i.e., 17β21β (H)-C 30 hopane (C 30 17β) and 17β21β (H)-C 29 hopane (C 29 17β) signifying mass use of coal for heating. The ratio of levoglucosan/PAHs was high in Kuala Lumpur and Hanoi, suggesting greater inputs of PAHs from biomass burning there.

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“…An earlier analysis of PAH and nitro-PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter showed that several million motorbikes with no-catalytic converter, and a poorly maintained car fleet were major pollution sources in Vietnam (Pham et al 2013; Thuy et al 2012). Raising Vietnam’s emission standard for motor vehicles is essential to improve air quality and reduce the human exposure to PAHs in Hanoi and in Vietnam in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in small groups of residents in Brisbane, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, and those travelling between the two cities

Thai

Sjödin

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) provide an integrated measure of human exposure to PAHs but measurement of urinary OH-PAHs has not been done in Australia and rarely in Vietnam, where air pollution is of concern. In this study, we assessed exposure to PAHs in 16 participants living in Brisbane, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, with 4 participants travelling between the two cities during the monitoring period. A total of 312 first morning urine samples were collected over 10 weeks and were analysed for nine OH-PAHs. Concentrations of the urinary OH-PAHs were 3-10 times higher in participants from Hanoi than those from Brisbane. For example, the median concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were 292 pg/mL in Hanoi, compared to 64 pg/mL in Brisbane. For participants travelling from Brisbane to Hanoi and back, differences in exposure to PAHs in these two cities resulted in corresponding changes of urinary OH-PAH concentrations, demonstrating that the more polluted environment in Hanoi was likely the source for higher PAH exposure there.

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Characteristics of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hanoi-Vietnam, as a Typical Motorbike City

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

Seasonal Trends of Atmospheric PAHs in Five Asian Megacities and Source Detection Using Suitable Biomarkers

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in small groups of residents in Brisbane, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, and those travelling between the two cities

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