Characteristics of antioxidant and NO-synthase systems of blood lymphocytes under the action of decamethoxine

Abstract

Introduction. Antiseptics are widely used in the system of antimicrobial measures for the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases [1-4]. Antiseptic drugs have mostly the microbicidal effect on the skin surface, mucous membranes and surfaces of a wound and body cavities [1-4]. They are dissolved in water and lipids. One of the most widespread antiseptics is the drug 'Decamethoxine'. Other drugs such as horosten, decasan, auridexan, septephril were created on its basis [2,3]. Decamethoxine is a chemical compound [1, 10-decamethylene bis (N, N-dimethylmethoxycarbonylmethyl) ammonium dichloride] that has a wide range of the antimicrobial action on Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus), Gram-negative (gonococcus, meningococcus) cocci, diphtheria corynebacteria, enterobacteria, pseudomonads, protozoa, dermatophytes, yeasts-like fungi of the genus Candida, chlamydia and viruses. When applied, the formation of variants of microorganisms resistant to decamethoxine occurs very slowly. Since decamethoxine is a surfactant, it changes the permeability of membranes of microbial cells which leads to the degradation and destruction of microorganisms and this determines its bactericidal action [5]. However, the antiseptic action of this substance is based not only on the bactericidal, but also on bacteriostatic activity. Pathological processes that occur in the cells of the body when inflammatory processes and pathological conditions are caused primarily by the violation of regulatory systems, the activation of lipid peroxidation processes and the violation of the antioxidant protective system [6-10]. Under the influence of extreme factors of different origin on organisms, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms increases. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS is not accumulated in cells. Any stress response of the organism is usually accompanied by a short-term increase in the number of ROS. ROS activates the expression of redox-sensitive genes in cells, many of which are required to protect cells from the toxic effects of oxidative stress, particularly glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. A number of antioxidant systems plays a major role in the neutralization of secondary peroxidation products and other oxidizing materials, namely, glutathione antiperoxide system as the most powerful one [8, 10]. Due to the catalytic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP) in cells, the reduction of H 2 O 2 and hydroperoxides of organic molecules to corresponding hydroxy compounds occurs. This process is performed by using reduced glutathione.