Characteristics of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli In the Rectum of Healthy School-Children

Lidin-Janson, G; Falsen, Enevold; Jodal, Ulf; Kaijser, B; Lincoln, K.

doi:10.1099/00222615-10-3-299

Cited by 80 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Resistance to tetracycline was second only to resistance to ampicillin in the strain collection (N. Karami, E. Lindberg, F. Nowrouzian, A. E. Wold, and I. Adlerberth, unpublished data). As a comparison, 9% of E. coli strains isolated from the rectal flora of healthy Swedish school children from 1971 to 1974 were tetracycline resistant (20). The use of tetracycline as a growth promoter for livestock was banned during the 1980s in Sweden and its use in veterinary medicine has also declined (http://www.regeringen.se).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

Karami

Nowrouzian

Adlerberth

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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The ecological impact of antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure has been poorly studied. We assessed the carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, persistence in the microbiota, fecal population counts and virulence factor genes in 309 commensal, intestinal Escherichia coli strains obtained from 128 Swedish infants followed during the first year of life with regular quantitative fecal cultures. No infant was given tetracycline, but 25% received other antibiotics. Tetracycline resistance was identified in 12% of strains, all of which carried either tet(A) (49%) or tet(B) (51%) genes. Resistance to other antibiotics occurred in 50% of tet(A)-positive strains, 42% of tet(B)-positive strains and 13% of tetracycline-sensitive strains. However, colonization with tetracycline-resistant strains was unrelated to treatment with antibiotics. Strains that were tet(B)-or tet(A)-positive carried the genes for P fimbriae and aerobactin, respectively, more often than susceptible strains. Tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains were equally likely to persist among the intestinal microbiota for >3 weeks and had similar population numbers. However, when a resistant strain and a susceptible strain colonized a child simultaneously, the resistant variety showed lower counts (P ‫؍‬ 0.03). In cases of long-term colonization by initially tetracycline-resistant E. coli strains, loss of tet genes occurred in 3 of 13 cases with variable effects on population counts. The results indicate that there is limited pressure against the carriage of tet genes in the infantile gut microbiota even in the absence of antibiotics. Resistant strains may possess colonization factors that balance the cost of producing resistance elements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

Karami

Nowrouzian

Adlerberth

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

104

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“…A similar Australian study reported that 59/120 human urinary isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae, of which 90 were E. coli, possessed integrons containing cassettes that confer resistance to trimethoprim and aminoglycosides (White et al, 2001). Studies by Lidin-Janson et al (1977) reported that 102/709 (14·4 %) E. coli recovered from 771 rectal swabs from healthy school children were resistant to antibiotics and these authors concluded that the resistant strains were likely to be animal-derived strains. These studies highlight the need to determine baseline prevalence rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the genes responsible for conferring resistance among healthy adult humans.…”

Section: K a Bettelheim And Others 160mentioning

confidence: 98%

Antibiotic resistance among verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and non-VTEC isolated from domestic animals and humans

Bettelheim

Hornitzky

Djordjevic

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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2570Two hundred verocytotoxigenic and 216 non-verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC and non-VTEC), isolated from a variety of sources were tested for their resistances to 11 antimicrobial agents. The strains included isolates from domestic food animals and both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in man. A much higher level of resistance was found among the non-VTEC than among the VTEC, regardless of source. The resistant VTEC isolated from animals were predominantly from specimens associated with sick animals. Antibiotic resistance was detected in only four of the 59 (6·8 %) VTEC of human origin, whereas more of the human non-VTEC possessed antibiotic resistance determinants. It was particularly noteworthy that 24/87 (28 %) strains isolated from healthy babies, who had neither contact with antibiotics nor had gastrointestinal symptoms for at least 2 weeks prior to the specimen being taken, were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested. INTRODUCTIONExtensive studies over the years, both by ourselves and others around the world, have shown that verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are commonly isolated from the faeces of ruminants such as cattle and sheep (Beutin et al., 1993;Djordjevic et al., 2001;Dorn et al., 1989;Fagan et al., 1999;Hornitzky et al., 2001;Kudva et al., 1997; Richter et al., 1997;Wells et al., 1991). In addition, there has been increasing concern of the possible development of resistance to antimicrobial agents in the Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli, as a result of the use of such agents in animal feed (Willis, 2000). With the recent emergence of strains of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents (Threlfall et al., 1997), the problem of such resistant organisms evolving and being transmitted through the food chain from cattle and sheep to man is becoming increasingly important throughout the world (Glynn et al., 1998;Levy & Cruz, 1999). In his review, Willis (2000) concludes that 'there is now good evidence that the use of antibiotics in agriculture is contributing to the problem of antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria.'In her book, Garrett (1995) discusses the problems associated with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance factors by the intestinal organisms of domestic animals, as a result of the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. She then discusses the emergence of VTEC, especially E. coli O157 : H7, and suggests that these may well also have emerged due to such antibiotic use. It seemed that if this hypothesis were true then VTEC isolated from cattle and sheep would be resistant to antibiotics. It was specifically to address this question that this study was initiated, especially as there are few studies in which the antibiotic sensitivities of VTEC have been determined. Most of these deal with human VTEC. Zhao et al. (2001) demonstrated that 39/50 (78 %) VTEC, mainly O157 : H7, but also including a range of serotypes, exhibited resistance to two or more antimicrobial classes. Most of these were isolate...

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“…For O157 serogrouping, an E. coli O157 test kit (Oxoid LTD, Hampshire, England) was used. Serogrouping of groups other than O157 was performed as previously described by Lidin-Janson et al (10) or as described by the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, England (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Profiling of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strains in Relation to Clonality and Clinical Signs of Infection

et al. 2002

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Sixty-seven human strains of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) (from patients with more or less severe symptoms) were serogrouped and arranged according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. We used PCR to investigate the strains according to known or putative virulence factors, and associations with disease were studied. All EHEC strains with the same PFGE pattern belonged to the same serogroup. On the contrary, two serogroups (O157 and O8) included strains with different PFGE patterns. We found several different combinations of chromosomal and plasmid-borne determinants, encoding the putative virulence factors, among the strains. As judged from clinical symptoms, there was no marked difference in pathogenicity among the strains and their combinations of virulence traits. All strains of O157 had the genes coding for verocytotoxin (VT) 2, intimin (eaeA), E. coli hemolysin (E-hly), and secreted serine protease (espP). Among EHEC non-O157 strains, the genes coding for VT1 and VT2 were equally dispersed. EaeA positivity was just as common among VT1-as VT2-positive strains. Among the plasmid-borne determinants, E-hly and espP were the most common and E-hly might be a pathogenicity marker among EHEC non-O157 strains. The conclusion is that PFGE is a very useful tool in epidemiological studies. The EHEC plasmids are heterogeneous in their gene composition, with the four plasmid-borne determinants found in many combinations. There was no reliable correlation between chromosomal and plasmid-borne virulence factors and human disease.

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Characteristics of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli In the Rectum of Healthy School-Children

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli and Persistence in the Infantile Colonic Microbiota

Antibiotic resistance among verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and non-VTEC isolated from domestic animals and humans

Genetic Profiling of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strains in Relation to Clonality and Clinical Signs of Infection

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