Characteristics of an Optical Fiber Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on a Palladium and Yttrium Alloy Thin Film

Liu, Yi; Chen, Youping; Song, Han; Zhang, Gang

doi:10.1109/jsen.2013.2258904

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…With regard to investigate repeatability of hydrogen sensor in mixed gases, loading/unloading hydrogen cycle experiments were mainly conducted [15,16]. While it is hard to unload the hydrogen in transformer oil as our case, several times of dissolved hydrogen sensing experiment have been carried out to verify the reproducibility.…”

Section: Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Dissolved Hydrogen Sensor Based on Side-Polished Fiber Bragg Grating

Jiang

Guo

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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To eliminate the time-consuming oil-gas separation process in online dissolved gas detection of power transformer, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based hydrogen sensor is proposed to be installed into the power transformer oil directly. In the sensor design, the FBG cladding is side-polished with residual thickness of 20 µm and sputtered with palladium/silver. Since side-polished cladding is very sensitive to curvature strain induced by palladium in the presence of dissolved hydrogen, the proposed sensor is much more sensitive than the untreated FBG hydrogen sensor. Measurements prove that the sensitivity is as high as 0.477 (pm/(µL/L)), about 11.4 times higher than the conventional FBG hydrogen sensor. Furthermore, repeatability and short term stability have been investigated. The performances satisfy the actual need of monitoring dissolved hydrogen concentration in power transformer oil.

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Section: Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Dissolved Hydrogen Sensor Based on Side-Polished Fiber Bragg Grating

Jiang

Guo

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…Therefore the SiO 2 structure grown on the surface of the Ag will differ in refractive index to that of the fused silica fibre core. The refractive index of the SiO 2 film is determined by the formula [9]: widely demonstrated [6,7,[10][11][12][13]. In order to determine the dielectric permittivity of Pd, we compared several known models (Drude, Lorentz-Drude, Brendel-Bornann) to experimental data [14].…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dielectric permittivity of palladium hydride was determined by fitting a polynomial function to the most widely referenced experimental data set in this field [14]. The dielectric permittivity of Pd in the presence of 4% hydrogen was determined using the following equation: [5,7]. The spectral variation in the dielectric permittivity of Y was modelled using the Lorentz-Drude method [18,19]:…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that alloys of Pd involving Au and Cu can successfully suppress the phase transition [6]. Recently, Liu et al have observed a large reduction in mechanical stress on the Pd lattice when alloyed with Y during repeated hydrogen loading cycles [7]. This accomplishes the desired effect of improving the durability of the hydrogen sensitive layer, in addition to improving the permeability to hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical investigation into the optimized design of a durable OFSPR hydrogen sensor based on a PdY alloy

Downes

Taylor

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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Hydrogen sensing technology by definition necessitates high accuracy, rapid response time, and durability. Thin film Pd has demonstrated excellent use in this field owing to large sensitivity and fast detection time. Interaction with hydrogen causes a crystallographic phase transition of the Pd lattice resulting in expansion. Subsequently repeated hydrogen loading cycles increases mechanical stress on the Pd lattice and thus leads to delamination of the hydrogen sensitive layer. By alloying Pd with Y, it is possible to mitigate the unwanted phase transition thereby significantly improving durability. We present the first optical fibre surface plasmon resonance (OFSPR) hydrogen sensor based on a multilayer Ag/SiO 2 /PdY deposited on the unclad core of a silica optical fibre.In this submission, we investigated the spectral influence of fibre numerical aperture in addition to Ag and SiO 2 thickness within the multilayer. Sensor sensitivity and figure of merit were found to reach a maximum when a fixed Ag thickness was paired with a set of corresponding SiO 2 thicknesses. We demonstrate that changing the thickness of one of these layers alters the optimal thickness of the other. We present a figure by which an array of optimal sensing structures can be determined. The largest sensor figure of merit in this study was found to be 0.062732, and was produced using Ag = 50nm, and SiO 2 = 70nm. This sensor operates with sensitivity of 17.57nm to 4% hydrogen, detection accuracy of 0.014282nm -1 , and operated at a spectral centre of 524.09nm.

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“…However, the gas is flammable and easily explodes in the air under normal conditions at concentrations ranging between 4.65% and 74.5%2. Hence, almost all production activities involving hydrogen gas entail extremely safe monitoring systems to prevent any leakage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling of hydrogen atom diffusion and response behavior of hydrogen sensors in Pd–Y alloy nanofilm

Liu

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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To detect hydrogen gas leakage rapidly, many types of hydrogen sensors containing palladium alloy film have been proposed and fabricated to date. However, the mechanisms and factors that determine the response rate of such hydrogen sensor have not been established theoretically. The manners in which response time is forecasted and sensitive film is designed are key issues in developing hydrogen sensors with nanometer film. In this paper, a unilateral diffusion model of hydrogen atoms in Pd alloy based on Fick’s second law is proposed to describe the Pd–H reaction process. Model simulation shows that the hydrogen sensor response time with Pd alloy film is dominated by two factors (film thickness and hydrogen diffusion coefficient). Finally, a series of response rate experiments with varying thicknesses of Pd–Y (yttrium) alloy film are implemented to verify model validity. Our proposed model can help researchers in the precise optimization of film thickness to realize a simultaneously speedy and sensitive hydrogen sensor. This study also aids in evaluating the influence of manufacturing errors on performances and comparing the performances of sensors with different thicknesses.

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Characteristics of an Optical Fiber Hydrogen Gas Sensor Based on a Palladium and Yttrium Alloy Thin Film

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Highly Sensitive Dissolved Hydrogen Sensor Based on Side-Polished Fiber Bragg Grating

Highly Sensitive Dissolved Hydrogen Sensor Based on Side-Polished Fiber Bragg Grating

Theoretical investigation into the optimized design of a durable OFSPR hydrogen sensor based on a PdY alloy

Modeling of hydrogen atom diffusion and response behavior of hydrogen sensors in Pd–Y alloy nanofilm

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