Characteristics of agoraphobia in women and men with panic disorder with agoraphobia

Starčević, Vladan; Djordjevic, A.; Latas, Milan; Bogojevic, G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:1<8::aid-da2>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Data concerning age at onset of the disorder have emerged from clinical samples or from epidemio‐logical studies performed in community samples: with general agreement, all studies reported onset of PD in mid‐ or late‐20s either in men or in women ( 1–10). No data emerged from these studies on possible differences according to gender in the age at onset of the first panic attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…PD is generally known by epidemiological and clinical studies to have lifetime rates consistently higher in women compared with men with a female/male ratio ranging from 1.3 to 5.8 ( 1–3). From a clinical point of view, there is general agreement that PD with agoraphobia is observed more frequently among women and comorbid alco‐holism among men ( 4–9). Moreover, women have been found more likely than men to suffer a recurr‐ence of panic symptoms after remission ( 9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Barzega

Maina

Venturello

et al. 2001

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Barzega

Maina

Venturello

et al. 2001

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…In clinical samples, women have been reported to suffer from more severe agoraphobia, more psychiatric comorbidity, and more catastrophic cognitions and fear of bodily sensations than men [Oei et al, 1990a;Sachs et al, 2002;Turgeon et al, 1998]. Women with PD also report significantly more impairment and disability than men [Sachs et al, 2002;Starcevic et al, 1998], although not all studies have found this to be the case [Hollifield et al, 1997]. Furthermore, longitudinal research suggests that women display higher rates of symptom recurrence after remission of panic [Yonkers et al, 1998[Yonkers et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in anxiety-related traits in patients with panic disorder

Foot

Koszycki

2004

Depress. Anxiety

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This study examined gender differences in anxiety-related personality traits in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD+/-AG). Outpatients (101 total) with SCID confirmed PD+/-AG completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the Trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R), and the Retrospective Self-Report of Inhibition (RSRI) as part of their assessment. Significant gender differences were not detected for the total ASI scores. Females scored significantly higher than males on the Physical Concerns subscale of the ASI, whereas males scored significantly higher than women on the Social Concerns subscale. Women scored higher than men on the Extraversion scale of the NEO PI-R as well as on certain subscales of this domain. Although a significant gender difference was not detected on the Neuroticism subscale, men scored higher on the angry hostility and depression facets of this trait. Significant gender differences were not found for the STAI-T or the RSRI. These findings suggest that gender differences exist among patients with PD+/-AG in the feared consequences of anxiety symptoms as well as in the personality characteristics of extraversion.

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“…The reason for this may be explained better, for example, it is argued that the gender roles adopted makes the females more dependent to home, and that the high level of alcohol consumption observed in males may pale a role to sedate the anxiety (26). However, besides the studies stating that agoraphobia is a typical female disease, there are also studies indicating that when the agoraphobic males are compared with agoraphobic females, there are more similarities rather than differences (21). In our study, the agoraphobia rate is determined to be similar in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is seen from the Chart 1 that the education level of the females are significantly lower than that of males. The non compliance of such result of our study with the findings of the studies indicating that there were no differences between the genders from the point of the level of education (11,21), or that the females with PD had higher education level (20) can be explained with the fact that in our society, the education level of the females are lower in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Delice¹,

Tabo²,

Alataş³

et al. 2015

Dusunen Adam

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Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder Objectives: Comorbidity in psychiatric disorders significantly affects the clinical course, the severity of symptoms, and the response to the treatment. Panic disorder can cause considerable disability, reduction of interpersonal relationships, avoidance of certain social situations, and staying away from high-risk jobs and consequently lowering work performance causing loss of job. A number of studies have shown that panic disorder is observed more frequently in females, indicating a gender risk factor. This study investigated potential gender differences in the distribution of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity. Method: A total of 63 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and had been diagnosed with panic disorder according to DSM-IV participated in this study. 31 (49.2%) patients were female, and 32 (50.8%) were male. Panic disorder was diagnosed with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders). Sociodemographic data were collected using a form developed by the researchers, and the Panic Agoraphobia scale was applied in all cases. The existence of possible childhood separation anxiety was also investigated, and SCID-II was applied to identify Axis II personality disorders. Gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and in the comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders were then investigated. Results: The reported prevalence of separation anxiety was considerably higher in the female than in the male patients. Depression, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias were more common in the female patients, whereas alcohol abuse was more common among the male patients. There was no gender difference in Axis II comorbidity. Conclusions: This comparison of gender differences in Axis I and Axis II disorders that coexist with panic disorders indicated that comorbidities of depression, social and specific phobias, and alcohol abuse comorbidities are different among the genders. However, there appeared to be gender differences in Axis II comorbidities. Key words: Comorbidity, gender differences, panic disorder ÖZET Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanısı açısından cinsiyet farklılıkları Amaç: Eştanılı durumlar psikiyatrik hastalıkların klinik seyrini, belirti şiddetini ve tedavi cevabını önemli ölçüde etkilerler. Panik bozukluğu, önemli ölçüde yeti yitimine neden olabilen, kişilerarası ilişkilerde azalma, belirli sosyal durumlardan kaçınma, yüksek riskli işlerde çalışmaktan uzak durma, dolayısıyla çalışma performansında azalma ve işsiz kalma gibi ağır sonuçları olabilen bir hastalıktır. Diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla sıklıkla birlikte bulunabilmekte, bu durum da yeti yitimini artırmaktadır. Birçok çalışmada panik bozukluğunun kadınlarda sık görülen bir hastalık olduğu, kadın cinsiyetinin panik bozukluğu gelişmesinde önemli bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada panik bozukluğuna eşlik eden Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanıları dağılımının...

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Characteristics of agoraphobia in women and men with panic disorder with agoraphobia

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Gender‐related differences in the onset of panic disorder

Gender differences in anxiety-related traits in patients with panic disorder

Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

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