Characteristics of Aerosols over Suburban and Urban Site of Semiarid Region in India: Seasonal and Spatial Variations

Kumar, Ranjit; Srivastava, S. N.; Kumari, K. Maharaj

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2007.02.0010

Cited by 62 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Few sporadic studies on size differentiated concentrations of TSP and the major cations and anions have been reported during December 1992 to March 1993 (Kulshrestha et al, 1998) and during July to September 1998 (Parmar et al, 2001) at Agra. Chemical characterization of aerosols, their mass size distribution studies and its variation in different seasons at Dayalbagh, Agra has also been reported by Kumar et al (2007). Earlier study by Safai et al (2008) at Agra reported chemical characterization of aerosols only during a specific land campaign (December 2004) for intense foggy or hazy days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The sampling site lies by the side of a road that carries mixed vehicular traffic, moderate (of the order of 1000 vehicles) during the day. The campus lies about 2 km north of the NH-2 which has dense vehicular traffic (100,000 vehicles) throughout the day and night (Kumar et al, 2007;Singla et al, 2011;Satsangi et al, 2012). The surrounding area is completely free of construction or tall tree which could obstruct wind flow.…”

Section: Sampling Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India also, studies on chemical characterization and mass size distribution of water soluble ionic constituents in aerosols have been conducted (Khemani et al, 1985;Safai et al, 1993;Tripathi et al, 1996;Kumar et al, 2003;Rastogi and Sarin, 2005;Kumar et al, 2006;Safai et al, 2008;Kulshrestha et al, 2009;Safai et al, 2010;Deshmukh et al, 2011;George et al, 2011;Ram et al, 2012). Few studies have been carried out in the IndoGangetic plain to characterize TSP (Kulshrestha et al, 1998;Parmar et al, 2001;Kumar et al, 2007;Ram et al, 2010;Ram et al, 2012). The IGP covers a vast area from 21.75°N; 74.25°E to 31.0°N; 91.5°E in the Indian subcontinent and experiences extreme variability in the climate over the annual seasonal cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Soluble Ionic Species in Atmospheric Aerosols: Concentrations and Sources at Agra in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

Satsangi

Pachauri

Singla

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study presents a comprehensive set of 2 years of data (January 2009-December 2010) on the chemical composition of ambient aerosols collected at a university campus in Agra, which lies on the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The average concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 213. . The crustal source contribution was observed based on the ratios of various ions with respect to Ca in soil and aerosol. On the basis of backward trajectories and the associated concentrations of the ions, the aerosol samples were classified into sectors in relation to their origin to determine the related sources. The major sources of water soluble ions identified at Agra are biomass combustion and local soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Sampling Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Soluble Ionic Species in Atmospheric Aerosols: Concentrations and Sources at Agra in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

Satsangi

Pachauri

Singla

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In winter the temperature ranges from 3.5 to 30.5°C and downwind West-North-West 9.4% and NorthNorth-West 11.8% (IMD, 2009). The atmospheric pollution load is high because of downwind sources like, oil refinery at Mathura (50 km far from the centre of the city) from where pollutants may be transported to different areas (Kumar et al, 2007). Agra has about 13,11,000 total inhabitants and the population density is about 21,148 persons per sq km with 386,635 vehicles registered and 32,030 generator sets (Pipal et al, 2011(Pipal et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Origin of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) over Agra, India

Pipal

Jan

Satsangi

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

106

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In situ measurements of PM (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) particles were carried out using a medium volume air sampler (offline) and particle number concentrations of PM were measured by a Grimm aerosol spectrophotometer (online) during the study period of 2010-2011. The morphology and elemental composition analyses of PM were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), respectively. The average mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 97.2 and 242.6 µg/m 3 at roadside (RD) and 121.2 and 230.5 µg/m 3 at a semirural (SR) site, respectively. These concentrations were substantially higher than the NAAQS, WHO and USEPA standards. The highest mass and number concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were observed during winter, followed by those during the post-monsoon period and summer, with the lowest in the monsoon period. SEM and EDS analysis of PM indicated the presence of soot, mineral, tarballs, fly ash, aluminosilicates/silica, fluorine, carbon rich, and Cl-Na rich particles. Of these particles, soot, tarballs, and F-C rich particles dominate in PM 2.5 , whereas mineral, aluminosilicates, and Cl-Na rich particles dominate in PM 10 . The morphology and elemental composition of the particles varied over the seasons due to atmospheric processing. The highest carbon concentration (56%) was observed in PM 2.5 during summer at the RD, while in the monsoon, postmonsoon period and winter the carbon concentration was ~9% lower at the RD as compared to the SR. However, the concentration of carbon in PM 10 was ~38% higher at the RD as compared to SR during both summer and winter. Air mass backward trajectory cluster analysis was performed, and the results indicate that the aerosol loadings over Agra are mainly transported from the Middle East and Arabian Sea during the summer and monsoon period, while during the pre-monsoon period and winter the aerosol loadings came from the northern region, and were due to the burning of biomass and coal, as well as other local activities.

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“…This multimodal distribution in atmospheric PM indicates that the sampled dust particles were different to normal urban (anthropogenic) dust. [32][33][34][35] Out of the total PM, more than 50 % of the particles were less than 10 mm in size indicating potential human health hazards. This result is supported by reported real time monitoring data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Sydney dust storm and its mineralogical and organic characteristics

et al. 2012

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Environmental context. In 2009, at the end of the longest drought period ever recorded in Australia, a major dust storm blanketed the cities of Sydney and Brisbane for more than 24 h. The source of the dust was inner New South Wales and South Australia, where large scale open-cut mining occurs together with agricultural practices. We report results of extensive mineralogical and chemical analyses of the dust, and discuss their significance in terms of the dust origins and potential human health risks.Abstract. In a 24-h period from 23 to 24 September 2009, a dust storm passed over Sydney, Australia that produced a red sky and reduced the visibility to a few metres. It was Sydney's worst dust storm since 1942. During this period, the PM 10 (particles measuring 10 mm or less) value jumped from 50 to 11 800 mg m À3 . The dust storm was sampled and its mineralogical and organic contents were analysed. Four major particle sizes (0.6, 4.5, 9.3 and 20 mm) were observed in the dust. A multimodal particle distribution indicated a long range of dust transport. Mineralogical analysis showed that the particles were mainly composed of crustal elemental oxides of Al and Si. The ratio of Al/Si was 0.39 and the organic content was 10.6 %, which was found to be enriched with humic-type substances. The high Al/Si ratio (.0.3) indicated that the dust originated from desert land whereas the high organic content indicated that the particles were also derived from eroded agricultural land. A fluorescence spectroscopic study on the organic matter at excitation and emission wavelengths of 245-265 and 330-350 nm indicated that biohazardous substances were unlikely to be present in the dust.

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Characteristics of Aerosols over Suburban and Urban Site of Semiarid Region in India: Seasonal and Spatial Variations

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Water Soluble Ionic Species in Atmospheric Aerosols: Concentrations and Sources at Agra in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

Water Soluble Ionic Species in Atmospheric Aerosols: Concentrations and Sources at Agra in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)

Study of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Origin of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM2.5 and PM10) over Agra, India

Unusual Sydney dust storm and its mineralogical and organic characteristics

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