Characteristics of aerosols collected in central Taiwan during an Asian dust event in spring 2000

Cheng, M. Samuel; Lin, Yu Chi; Chio, Chia-Pin; Wang, C.F.; Kuo, Chung‐Yih

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.120

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ratios of other crustal elements to Al in ADEs at Chongqing and Beijing appear to be similar to those of bulk soil, as has been found by other studies (Gatz and Prospero, 1996;Holmes and Zoller, 1996;Perry et al, 1997;Prospero et al, 2001;Guo et al, 2004;Cheng et al, 2005). Although Si/Al for both events is 30% lower than in bulk soil (3.83, Taylor and McLennan, 1995), they are quite close to those of transported dust, such as Asian dust in Zhengbeitai (1.9, Arimoto et al, 2004) and Saharan dust over the North Atlantic (2.0-2.3, Chiapello et al, 1997), Italy (2.3, Marenco et al, 2006) and America (2.0, Gatz and Prospero, 1996).…”

Section: Crustal Elements: Si Ca Mgsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…During spring, when most dust is emitted, ADEs have been found not only in midlatitude China Liu et al, 2002a;Zhang et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2003a;Zhang et al, 2003b;Guo et al, 2004), Korea (Kim et al, 2006), and Japan (Fu et al, 2004), but also as far away as North America (Husar et al, 2001;VanCuren and Cahill, 2002), the Arctic (Bory et al, 2002), and the tropical Taiwan (Cheng et al, 2005), Hong Kong (Wai and Tanner, 2005), and the mid-Pacific (Holmes and Zoller, 1996). But the influence Q.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dust storms come to Central and Southwestern China, too: implications from a major dust event in Chongqing

Zhao

Rahn

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dust storms from major Asian sources are usually carried by northwesterly or westerly winds over Northern and Southeastern China to the Pacific Ocean. These pathways leave Central and Southwestern China nearly free of incursions. But a strong dust event on 5-6 May 2005 was captured in a 15-month series of weekly filter samples of PM 2.5 at three sites in Chongqing. It illustrated that desert dust can be transported to this region, and sometimes strongly. Annual PM 2.5 and dust were similar at the three sites, but higher than in simultaneous samples in Beijing. High correlations of dust concentrations were found between the cities during spring, indicating that Asian dust affects a broader swath of China than is often realized. During the event, the concentrations of mineral dust were high at all sites (20-30 µg m −3 ; 15%-20% of PM 2.5 in Chongqing, and 15 µg m −3 ; 20%-30% of PM 2.5 in Beijing), and were part of a broader spring maximum. The proportions of crustal elements and pollution-derived components such as Pb, SO

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Section: Crustal Elements: Si Ca Mgsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust storms come to Central and Southwestern China, too: implications from a major dust event in Chongqing

Zhao

Rahn

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Therefore we assume that all the Na comes from marine aerosol and we calculated the contribution of this source to PM10. In case of a non-polluted profile, according to Cheng et al (2005):…”

Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment

Mazzei

D’Alessandro²,

Lucarelli³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

243

100

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Daily time series measurements of elements or compounds are widely used to apportion the contribution of specific sources of particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere. We present results obtained for the urban area of Genoa (Italy) based on several hundred of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 daily samples collected in sites with different geo-morphological and urbanization characteristics. Elemental concentrations of Na to Pb were obtained through Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), and the contributions of specific sources of particulate matter (PM) concentration were apportioned through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). By sampling at different sites we were able to obtain, in each PM fraction, the average and stable values for the tracers of specific sources, in particular traffic (Cu, Zn, Pb) and heavy oil combustion (V, Ni). We could also identify and quote the contamination of anthropogenic PM in "natural" sources (sea, soil dust). Sampling at several sites in the same urban area allowed us to resolve local characteristics as well as to quote average values. IntroductionIn recent years, atmospheric aerosols have been studied extensively (Charlson et al., 1992;Harrison et al., 2001;Satheesh and Moorthy, 2005 , 2002a,b;Stieb et al., 2002;Fernandez et al., 2003).Up to now, PM concentrations have been routinely monitored. However, this level of monitoring is insufficient and a measurement of the elemental and chemical composition of PM is recommended in order to achieve a more complete picture. Indeed concentration limits have been set in Europe for some toxic elements (Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg; see the recent European Directive 2004/107/CE). Element and/or compound measurements can also help to trace specific emission patterns. Thus, the knowledge of the chemical composition of particulate matter can be used to evaluate the impacts of the various pollution sources on air quality. Several "source apportionment" strategies have been developed; receptor models (Gordon, 1988) are presently considered the most effective approach. These models usually provide three pieces of information: the number of (major) sources of particulate matter, the source profiles and the mass contribution of each source to total PM. These models single out groups of elements with correlated concentration trends, which

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“…A similar relationship together with the a CDOM -reflectance ratio relationship can therefore provide reliable estimates of salinity and CDOM in the focused YR estuary areas of the ECS using satellite ocean colour observations. However, the ECS is much more complicated in terms of the ocean and atmospheric optical properties, and the practical implementation of the global and other regional algorithms to satellite measurements in this region (particularly during the spring-summer) is challenging because the water column reaches high turbidity and strongly absorbing aerosols prevail by wind from adjacent Gobi desert (Cheng et al, 2005;Shanmugam and Ahn, 2007). Limiting issues are therefore still present with the standard atmospheric correction (SAC) scheme routinely used to process full resolution (∼1 km/pixel at nadir) ocean colour radiances from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) acquired at the KORDI-HRPT (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute -High Resolution Picture Transmission) station (Shanmugam and Ahn, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite remote sensing of a low-salinity water plume in the East China Sea

et al. 2008

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Abstract.With the aim to map and monitor a low-salinity water (LSW) plume in the East China Sea (ECS), we developed more robust and proper regional algorithms from large in-situ measurements of apparent and inherent optical properties (i.e. remote sensing reflectance, R rs , and absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter, a CDOM ) determined in ECS and neighboring waters. Using the above data sets, we derived the following relationships between visible R rs and absorption by CDOM, i.e. R rs (412)/R rs (555) vs. a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and a CDOM (412) (m −1 ) with a correlation coefficient R 2 0.67 greater than those noted for R rs (443)/R rs (555) and R rs (490)/R rs (555) vs. a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and a CDOM (412) (m −1 ). Determination of a CDOM (m −1 ) at 400 nm and 412 nm is particularly necessary to describe its absorption as a function of wavelength λ using a single exponential model in which the spectral slope S as a proxy for CDOM composition is estimated by the ratio of a CDOM at 412 nm and 400 nm and the reference is explained simply by a CDOM at 412 nm. In order to derive salinity from the absorption coefficient of CDOM, in-situ measurements of salinity made in a wide range of water types from dense oceanic to light estuarine/coastal systems were used along with in-situ measurements of a CDOM at 400 nm, 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm. The CDOM absorption at 400 nm was better inversely correlated (R 2 =0.86) with salinity than at 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm (R 2 =0.85-0.66), and this correlation corresponded best with an exponential (R 2 =0.98) rather than a linear function of salinity measured in a variety of water types from this and other regions. Validation against a discrete in-situ data set showed that empirical algorithms derived from the above relationships could be successfully applied to satellite data over the range of water types for which they have been developed. Thus, we applied these algorithms to a series of SeaWiFS images for the derivation Correspondence to: P. Shanmugam (pshanmugam90@hotmail.com) of CDOM and salinity in the context of operational mapping and monitoring of the springtime evolution of LSW plume in the ECS. The results were very encouraging and showed interesting features in surface CDOM and salinity fields in the vicinity of the Yangtze River estuary and its offshore domains, when a regional atmospheric correction (SSMM) was employed instead of the standard (global) SeaWiFS algorithm (SAC) which revealed large errors around the edges of clouds/aerosols while masking out the nearshore areas. Nevertheless, there was good consistency between these two atmospheric correction algorithms over the relatively clear regions with a mean difference of 0.009 in a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and 0.096 in salinity (psu). This study suggests the possible utilization of satellite remote sensing to assess CDOM and salinity and thus provides great potential in advancing our knowledge of the shelf-slope evolution and migration of the LSW plume properties in the ECS.

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Characteristics of aerosols collected in central Taiwan during an Asian dust event in spring 2000

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

Dust storms come to Central and Southwestern China, too: implications from a major dust event in Chongqing

Dust storms come to Central and Southwestern China, too: implications from a major dust event in Chongqing

Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment

Satellite remote sensing of a low-salinity water plume in the East China Sea

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