Characteristics of aerosol particles formed during grate combustion of moist forest residue

Pagels, Joakim; Strand, Michael; Rissler, Jenny; Szpila, A.; Gudmundsson, Anders; Bohgard, Mats; Lillieblad, Lena; Sanati, Mehri; Swietlicki, Erik

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00077-6

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Size distribution data from the two boilers have been described in more detail previously (Pagels et al 2003;Wierzbicka et al 2005). The total number concentration of emitted particles was 5.1 · 10 7 and 6.3 · 10 7 particles/cm 3 for 50 and 100% load, respectively, in boiler 1 and 2.9 · 10 7 particles/cm 3 for a 30% load in boiler 2.…”

Section: Time and Size-resolved Analysis Of Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The boilers and the sampling systems are described in more detail by Pagels et al (2003) and Wierzbicka et al (2005). All reported concentrations are normalized to 13% CO 2 , at 0…”

Section: Combustion System and Particle Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI) (Marjamäki et al 2000) was used in the second boiler. These measurements are described in more detail by Pagels et al (2003), Lillieblad et al (2004) and Wierzbicka et al (2005). In this article, some additional analysis is presented to identify the time and size variation of ash components like potassium salts and EC/OC.…”

Section: Additional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These range from large-scale (25-100 MW) CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) boilers (e.g., Valmari et al 1999), to grate combustion in 0.5-12 MW boilers (Pagels et al 2003;Lillieblad et al 2004) to small (10-20 kW) residential wood stoves and boilers (Hedberg et al 2002;Johansson et al 2004). Emissions from other biomass fuels have also been studied, such as straw (Christensen et al 1998) and olive residues (Jimenez and Ballester 2004), as well as co-firing of biomass and fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zdanovski-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) method was used to predict hygroscopic growth factors from chemical composition data partly reported previously (Pagels et al 2003;Wierzbicka et al 2005). A method is described that can be used to estimate the fractal dimension of agglomerated hygroscopic combustion aerosol and to convert the measured mobility hygroscopic growth factor to the more useful property volume growth factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Hygroscopic Behavior of Aerosol Particles Emitted from Biomass Fired Grate Boilers

Rissler

Pagels

Swietlicki

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study focuses on the hygroscopic properties of submicrometer aerosol particles emitted from two small-scale district heating combustion plants (1 and 1.5 MW) burning two types of biomass fuels (moist forest residue and pellets). The hygroscopic particle diameter growth factor (Gf ) was measured when taken from a dehydrated to a humidified state for particle diameters between 30-350 nm (dry size) using a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA). Particles of a certain dry size all showed similar diameter growth and the Gf at RH = 90% for 110/100 nm particles was 1.68 in the 1 MW boiler, and 1.5 in the 1.5 MW boiler. These growth factors are considerably higher in comparison to other combustion aerosol particles such as diesel exhaust, and are the result of the efficient combustion and the high concentration of alkali species in the fuel. The observed water uptake could be explained using the Zdanovski-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule and a chemical composition of potassium salts only, taken from ion chromatography analysis of filter and impactor samples (KCl, K 2 SO 4 , and K 2 CO 3 ). Agglomerated particles collapsed and became more spherical when initially exposed to a moderately high relative humidity. When diluted with hot particle-free air, the fractallike structures remained intact until humidified in the H-TDMA. A method to estimate the fractal dimension of the agglomerated combustion aerosol and to convert the measured mobility diameter hygroscopic growth to the more useful property volume diameter growth is presented. The fractal dimension was estimated to be ∼2.5.

show abstract

Section: Time and Size-resolved Analysis Of Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The boilers and the sampling systems are described in more detail by Pagels et al (2003) and Wierzbicka et al (2005). All reported concentrations are normalized to 13% CO 2 , at 0…”

Section: Combustion System and Particle Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hygroscopic Behavior of Aerosol Particles Emitted from Biomass Fired Grate Boilers

Rissler

Pagels

Swietlicki

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Characterization of aerosol particles at an industrial background site in Nairobi, Kenya

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollutants from industrial and urban sources contain harmful elements and chemical compounds. This work presents a study on background industrial and urban aerosol particles in the city of Nairobi. Its main focus was the understanding of elemental, black carbon (BC) and particulate mass (PM) concentrations in the perspective of identifying their sources. Aerosol particles were collected on Teflon filters in two size fractions, a fine fraction of particles having an aerodynamic diameter (d a ) <2.5 µm and a coarse fraction with particles between 2.5 and 10 µm. A photometer and an energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer were used to analyse BC and trace elements (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb), respectively. The sampled mass of the particulate matter was determined gravimetrically. The measured concentrations of the analysable species were dominated by BC, K and S in the fine fraction and Si, Ca and Fe in the coarse fraction. Principal component analysis and correlation evaluation of the fine fraction concentrations implicated industrial, vehicular and biomass-burning emissions as the main sources of the measured elements. The average Pb concentration of 105 ng m −3 in the PM 10 samples at the background industrial site was approximately 20% of the air quality guideline (AQG) recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO). Most of the measured elements exhibited higher concentrations than those measured in Francistown in Botswana, Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and Edinburgh in United Kingdom but less than those measured in Barcelona in Spain and from previous studies in Nairobi.

show abstract

The effect of aerosol-deposited ash components on a cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch catalyst

Gavrilović

Brandin

Holmén

et al. 2019

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of ash salts on Co-based Fisher-Tropsch catalysts was studied using an aerosol deposition technique. The major elements in the ash were found to be K, S and Cl. The ash was deposited on a calcined catalyst as dry particles with an average diameter of approx. 350 nm. The loading of ash particles was varied by varying the time of exposure to the particles in a gas stream.Catalyst characterization did not reveal significant differences in cobalt dispersion, reducibility, surface area, pore size, or pore volume between the reference and the catalysts with ash particles deposited. Activity measurements showed that following a short exposure to the mixed ash salts (30 minutes), there were no significant loss of activity, but a minor change in selectivity of the catalyst. Extended exposure (60 minutes) led to some activity loss and changes in selectivity. However, extending the exposure time and thus the amount deposited as evidenced by elemental analysis did not lead to a further drop in activity. This behavior is different from that observed with pure potassium salts, and is suggested to be related to the larger size of the aerosol ManuscriptClick here to access/download;Manuscript;Manuscript.docx Click here to view linked References 2 particles deposited. The large aerosol particles used here were probably not penetrating the catalyst bed, and to some extent formed an external layer on the catalyst bed. The ash salts are therefore not able to penetrate to the pore structure and reach the Co active centers, but are mixed with the catalyst and detected in the elemental analysis.

show abstract

Characteristics of aerosol particles formed during grate combustion of moist forest residue

Cited by 86 publications

References 16 publications

Hygroscopic Behavior of Aerosol Particles Emitted from Biomass Fired Grate Boilers

Hygroscopic Behavior of Aerosol Particles Emitted from Biomass Fired Grate Boilers

Characterization of aerosol particles at an industrial background site in Nairobi, Kenya

The effect of aerosol-deposited ash components on a cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch catalyst

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About