Characteristics of a Cup Anemometer and a Procedure of Measuring the Wind Velocity

Solov’ev, Yu. P.; Korovushkin, A. I.; Toloknov, Yu. N.

doi:10.1023/b:poce.0000048899.06827.23

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The mean value of the distance constant of the anemometer l determined according to the data of at least 150 measurements ( Fig. 1b) agrees with the estimate l ≈ 0.32 m established in [18].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometerssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…2, we also present the spectra of white noise S ZZ ( f ) = 2 2 ∆t Z σ given by relation (12). It is easy to see that the level of spectra in the high-frequency region is determined by the noise and agrees, on the average, with the values predicted by relation (12), although the form of the spectrum S Z ( f ) varies depending on n, i.e., the distortions of the process for model [18] and actual realizations were, most likely, different. The analysis of the data shows that, for fixed n, the noise spectra can be indeed approximated within the frequency range f ≥ f N / 2, where f N is the Nyquist frequency, by a dimensionless function…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometerssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The design and principles of operation of cup anemometers are described in [18]. The sole difference is connected with mounting of a light disk with transparent segments on the axis of the anemometer, which enables us to increase the number of pulses per revolution of the axis to n = 18 and decrease the level of noise whose variance is determined by the interval of averaging ∆ t and the coefficient of sensitivity B (pulses / sec ⋅ m / sec) [18]: The characteristics of anemometers are fairly well studied according to the data of measurements carried out in a wind tunnel and under the field conditions, as well as a result of model calculations.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sole difference is connected with mounting of a light disk with transparent segments on the axis of the anemometer, which enables us to increase the number of pulses per revolution of the axis to n = 18 and decrease the level of noise whose variance is determined by the interval of averaging ∆ t and the coefficient of sensitivity B (pulses / sec ⋅ m / sec) [18]: The characteristics of anemometers are fairly well studied according to the data of measurements carried out in a wind tunnel and under the field conditions, as well as a result of model calculations. Special attention is given to the nonlinearity of characteristics of each anemometer near the threshold of response varying within the range 0.3-0.5 m / sec, which allows us to improve the accuracy of measurements for weak winds.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary results of measurements of atmospheric turbulence over the sea

Solov’ev

Иванов

2007

Phys Oceanogr

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We perform the experimental verification of the applicability of the theory of similarity to the wave boundary layer and the assessment of wave-induced perturbations of the air flow depending on various conditions of stratification of the atmosphere and the state of the sea. The measurements were carried out from a stationary platform located in the coastal part of the Black Sea. The experimental procedure is based on the simultaneous measurements of the profile and fluctuations of the wind speed at 5-6 levels in the 1.3-21-m layer, the elevations of the sea surface, the directions of waves and winds, and the mean gradients of temperature and humidity of air. The structure of the boundary layer in the region of measurements depends on the direction of the wind. For weak and moderate onshore winds (< 9 m/sec), the approximate balance is preserved between the production and dissipation of turbulent energy in the cases of unstable and neutral stratification. On the average, the estimates of friction velocity according to the profiles are higher than the dissipative estimates by 10% mainly due to the deficiency of dissipation near the surface. For the offshore wind, the structure of the boundary layer abruptly changes and is determined not by the local parameters but by strong turbulent eddies formed over the dry land. The intensity of low-frequency turbulent fluctuations and the gradient of wind velocity near the surface in the coastal zone are 1.5-2 times higher than for the open sea.

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Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometerssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometerssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Cup Anemometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preliminary results of measurements of atmospheric turbulence over the sea

Solov’ev

Иванов

2007

Phys Oceanogr

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“…To perform the corresponding correction of the levels of measurements of the wind velocity, air temperature, and the signal of the wave recorder, the angle was measured from a boat by using a transparent protractor. According to the data of experimental investigation of the characteristics of cup anemometer [7], the results of measurements are not affected by the deviations of its axis from the vertical by angles that do not exceed 15°. The instrument measurements errors of all thermometers and anemometers were lower than 0.1°C and 0.2 m / sec, respectively (the errors of anemometers were determined as a result of their intercalibration and comparison with a precise anemometer).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Study of the Space Uniformity of Meteorological and Wave Parameters in the Coastal Zone. On the Problem of Calibration of a Side-Looking Radar on the Sich-1M Satellite as an Instrument for Measuring Wind Velocity over the Sea

et al. 2005

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We study the problem of subsatellite calibration of a side-looking radar (SLR) of the Sich-1M satellite regarded as an instrument for the evaluation of the velocity of surface wind and discuss the possibility of application of the meteorological and wave parameters measured from the stationary oceanographic platform of the Experimental Department of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences) for their evaluation in the remote regions of the sea. These regions can be observed with the help of the SLR without errors introduced by the appearance of the coast in elements of space resolution. To prove the indicated possibility experimentally, we perform simultaneous measurements of the water and air temperatures, wind velocity, and the characteristics of waves both from the platform and in the water area neighboring with the platform on the side of the sea at distances of up to 4.8 km. The quantitative estimates of the degree of space uniformity of the analyzed parameters are deduced under the conditions of stable inshore wind. A conclusion is made that the platform can be used for subsatellite measurements aimed at the validation and improvement of the algorithm of reconstruction of the velocity of surface wind by using the SLR of the Sich-1M satellite.

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High‐order observers‐based LQ control scheme for wind speed and uncertainties estimation in WECSs

Duc

2018

Optim Control Appl Methods

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Tip speed ratio control is a popular method in wind energy conversion systems in order to capture the maximum power. This method, however, requires wind speed information, which is difficult in practice to accurately measure it. Therefore, estimation methods are usually applied, where a high-precision estimate leads to a high-efficient system. Based on the fact that the wind speed varies in a random way, this paper proposes a generalized high-order observer to estimate the aerodynamic torque and the wind speed accordingly. This observer algorithm releases the assumption that the wind speed should be slowly varying, which is required in previous observer designs. Moreover, two other generalized high-order observers are also applied to estimate the uncertainties, which depend on state variables and cannot be considered as slow-varying disturbances. Using the outputs of these observers, a robust high-performance optimal control system is developed for the rotor speed to keep the optimal tip speed ratio. The stability analysis of the designed control system is fully presented. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated via simulation studies. KEYWORDSgeneralized high-order observer, optimal control, uncertainties, wind energy conversion system (WECS), wind speed estimation 1818

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Characteristics of a Cup Anemometer and a Procedure of Measuring the Wind Velocity

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Preliminary results of measurements of atmospheric turbulence over the sea

Preliminary results of measurements of atmospheric turbulence over the sea

Field Study of the Space Uniformity of Meteorological and Wave Parameters in the Coastal Zone. On the Problem of Calibration of a Side-Looking Radar on the Sich-1M Satellite as an Instrument for Measuring Wind Velocity over the Sea

High‐order observers‐based LQ control scheme for wind speed and uncertainties estimation in WECSs

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