Characteristics of a 4K Gifford–McMahon cryocooler using the Gd2O2S regenerator material

Masuyama, S.; Fukuda, Yusuke; Imazu, Takuya; Numazawa, Takenori

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.06.008

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…developed ceramics regenerator materials, Gd 2 O 2 S (GOS) and GdAlO 3 (GAP), which have very large volumetric specific heats in comparison with Er 3 Ni and HoCu 2 below 5 K [15]. However, problems still exist for the industrial applications of ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Huo

Zhao

et al. 2012

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About a decade ago Numazawa et al [12][13][14][15]. developed ceramics regenerator materials, Gd 2 O 2 S (GOS) and GdAlO 3 (GAP), which have very large volumetric specific heats in comparison with Er 3 Ni and HoCu 2 below 5 K [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Huo

Zhao

et al. 2012

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative regenerator materials [1] . Bismuth is a promising alternative material, but its specific heat is less than lead [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Specific Heat Capacities of Multiphase Er_3+xNi Alloys

Shi

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Magn.

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It is necessary to find alternative regenerator materials for lead because lead is toxic and prohibited in any device by RoHs. In this paper, the low temperature heat capacities and mechanical properties of the multiphase Er 3+x Ni alloys are studied. The results show that Er 3+x Ni alloys consist of Er and Er 3 Ni phases. The specific heat capacities of Er 10.819 Ni and Er 4.436 Ni are higher than lead from 5K to 90K. The addition of Er makes Er 3+x Ni alloys having much more excellent mechanical properties than pure Er 3 Ni. The compressive strength of Er 4.436 Ni, Er 6.351 Ni and Er 10.819 Ni alloys as measured all are more than 6 times larger than Er 3 Ni.And there is a convert from brittle fracture to ductile fracture along with the increase of the content of Er. The study of mechanism of fracture of Er 3+x Ni alloys reveals that the fractures of the alloys are cleavage fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture.

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“…However, Lead is potentially damaging to the environment and is prohibited in any device by RoHs . Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative regenerator materials [1] . Bismuth is a promising alternative material, but its specific heat is less than lead [2] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent mechanical properties and specific heat capacity of Er<inf>3+x</inf>Ni binary alloys

Shi

Xue

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG)

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Lead is often used as regenerator material in cryocoolers because of its larger specific heat capacity in 20-30 K . However, Lead is potentially damaging to the environment and is prohibited in any device by RoHs . Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative regenerator materials [1] . Bismuth is a promising alternative material, but its specific heat is less than lead [2] . In the other hand, Er 3 Ni compound has much larger specific heat capacity relative to lead below 20K [3] . However, it is too brittle to be a proper durable regenerator material used in cryocoolers . Meanwhile, Er metal is ductile, and its the specific heat is larger than that of lead from 20 to 80K but decline rapidly below this temperature [4] . Thus we add Er into the Er 3 Ni compound as the second phase to obtain an regenerator material with excellent mechanical properties and large specific heat capacity . Er 3+x Ni alloys (x=0, 1 .436, 3 .351, 7 .819) were synthesized by arc melting Er and Ni . Heat capacities and magnetic properties were measured in physical properties measurement system (PPMS) of Quantum Design Company . The compressive strength tests were conducted according to the standard ASTM E9-09 . The compress direction is paralleled to the orientation of columnar grains . Fig .1(a) shows that the specific heat capacities of both Er 10 .819 Ni and Er 4 .436 Ni alloys are higher than lead from a very low temperature to 40K . Fig .1(b) makes a comparison between specific heat capacity curves measured and calculated by linear sum weighing volumetric proportion . Meanwhile, the magnetization versus temperature data of Er 4 .436 Ni measured in a magnetic field of 100 Oe under zero field cooled warming (ZFCW), field cooled cooling (FCC), and field cooled warming (FCW) conditions are also shown in Fig . 1(b) . The specific heat capacity curve measured shows a peak at about 7K, which is due to antiferromagnetic transition of Er 3 Ni phase in Er 4 .436 Ni alloy . However, comparing to calculation, no obvious peak at 22K is found on the curve measured . The peak at 22K on the curve calculated is from magnetic transition of Er phase . But also there is an uptrend above 25K on the curve measured relative to that calculated . The deviations maybe the magnetic transition of Er at ~22k is influenced by the second phrase Er 3 Ni in the Er 3+x Ni alloys . Fig .2 shows XRD patterns, microstructures, stress-strain curves and fractographies of Er 3+x Ni alloys (x=0, 1 .436, 7 .819) alloys . The XRD pattern and microstructures show the alloy is a combination of Er 3 Ni and Er merely . According to stress-strain curves, the compressive strength of Er 10 .819 Ni, Er 6 .351 Ni, Er 4 .436 Ni and Er 3 Ni alloys are 610 .4, 547 .6, 462 .0, 58 .0Mpa,respectively . There is a convert from brittle fracture to ductile fracture along with the increase of the addition amount of Er . When amount of Er is sufficient, Er phrase becomes the primary phrase, yet it is wrapped by net relatively harder and more brittle Er 3 Ni phrase . This makes Er 10 .819 Ni not...

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Characteristics of a 4K Gifford–McMahon cryocooler using the Gd2O2S regenerator material

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Specific Heat Capacities of Multiphase Er_3+xNi Alloys

Excellent mechanical properties and specific heat capacity of Er<inf>3+x</inf>Ni binary alloys

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Characteristics of a 4K Gifford–McMahon cryocooler using the Gd2O2S regenerator material

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Regenerator performance below 4K in Tm-based bulk metallic glasses

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Specific Heat Capacities of Multiphase Er3+xNi Alloys

Excellent mechanical properties and specific heat capacity of Er<inf>3+x</inf>Ni binary alloys

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Product

Resources

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Excellent Mechanical Properties and Specific Heat Capacities of Multiphase Er_3+xNi Alloys