Characteristics of 2 to 4 year old Korean children’s production of monophthongs and diphthongs

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate age-specific features of 2;1-to 4;1-year-olds' production of monophthongs and diphthongs through both auditory perceptual analysis and acoustic analysis. Test material included {vowel+'da'} consisting of 7 monophthongs and 10 diphthongs and meaningful words beginning with vowels. The percentage of correct vowels was used for perceptual analysis and Praat(5.2.12) was used for acoustic analysis, analyzing variables related to monophthongs and diphthongs. The results of this study are as follows: First, perceptual analysis showed that children from an age group of 2;1 to 2;8 years showed significant difference in the accuracy level of both monophthongs and diphthongs as compared to those aged 2;9 to 3;4 years and those aged 3;5 to 4;1 years. Second, the results of acoustic analysis provided that formant (F1 and F2) of monophthong, in general, tended to decrease as age increased. In terms of F2 differentiation slope and regression slope, which were diphthong-related variables, the age group of 3;5 to 4;1 years showed a large general slope change.

The implementation of Korean adult’s optimal formant setting by Praat scripting*

“…이미 여러 선행연구에서 음향 분석이 말소리를 객관적으로 수 치화하고, 수치화된 말소리 특성이 음성의 병리적 진단과 치료 효과 판정에 사용될 수 있다고 설명한다 (Lee, 2017;Jin, 2004). Song & Seong(2018), Sim et al(2016) (Sapir et al, 2010). 따 라서 모음을 객관적 수치로 설명하기 위해 방법론적으로 타당 한 명시적인 포먼트 분석 방법을 제시할 필요가 있다.…”

“…(Bae, 2003) 아 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,300.0(800.0) 4,365.0(823.3) 5,500.0 5,500.0 5,350.0(975.0) 5,359.0(1,285.0) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.5(0.6) 5.5(0.625) 5.5(0.8) 5.0 4.5(1.0) 5.0(1.1) 5.0(1.1) 에 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,950.0(1,275.0) 4,695.5(1,057.8) 5,500.0 5,500.0 5,450.0(1,125.0) 5,763.5(1,211.5) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.0(1.0) 5.3(1.0) 5.0(1.0) 5.0 4.5(0.5) 4.5(1.5) 4.8(1.1) 이 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,450.0(875.0) 4,494.0(840.5) 5,500.0 5,500.0 5,400.0(1,025.0) 5,438.0(1,320.3) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.0(1.0) 4.5(0.3) 4.5(0.5) 5.0 4.5(1.0) 4.5(1.0) 4.5(0.8) 오 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,250.0(650.0) 4,365.0(581.8) 5,500.0 5,500.0 4,400.0(625.0) 4,983.5(610.5) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.3(0.5) 5.5(1.1) 5.5(1.1) 5.0 5.5(1.0) 5.5(1.5) 5.5(1.0) 우 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,050.0(800.0) 4,302.5(870.0) 5,500.0 5,500.0 4,400.0(925.0) 4,911.0(610.5) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.5(0.6) 5.5(1.0) 5.8(1.0) 5.0 5.3(1.0) 5.5(1.0) 5.8(1.0) 으 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,150.0(325.0) 4,118.0(397.3) 5,500.0 5,500.0 5,250.0(1,100.0) 5,130.5(1,047.0) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.5(0.5) 5.5(1.0) 5.5(0.6) 5.0 5.0(1.0) 5.0(1.0) 5.3(1.0) 어 최대 포먼트 5,000.0 5,000.0 4,350.0(1,000.0) 4,365.0(1,112.0) 5,500.0 5,500.0 5,150.0(1,250.0) 4,983.5(958.0) 포먼트 개수 5.0 5.5(0.6) 5.5(1.0) 5.5(1.0) 5.0 5.0(0.5) 5.0(1.1) 5.0(1.5) 표 3. 스크립트에 따른 모음별 포먼트 세팅 결과에 대한 기술통계_중앙값(IQR) (Park, 2008;Song & Seong, 2018;Sim et al, 2016 (Kim & Seong, 2016;Kim, 2015;Yang, 2019…”