Characteristics, Genesis, and Classification of Pennsylvania Minesoils

Ciolkosz, Edward J.; Cronce, Richard C.; Cunningham, Robert; Petersen, G. W.

doi:10.1097/00010694-198503000-00007

Cited by 63 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…Multiple B horizons were commonly described at these sites, and the solum depth commonly exceeded 50 cm. These A-horizon and solum thicknesses are consistent with minesoils of similar ages (Ciolkosz et al, 1985;Thomas et al, 2000).…”

Section: Summary Of Interstate Sitessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These thicknesses are similar to minesoils (Ciolkosz et al, 1985;Haering et al, 1993;Thomas et al, 2000). In general the younger sites had thinner A horizons than the older sites, but A horizons were not as thick on the oldest sites as reported for some minesoils (Thomas et al, 2000).…”

Section: Summary Of Corridor H Sitessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This trend is credited to the acceleration of the soil physical and chemical processes performed by air, water and plant roots acting upon consolidated rock at the surface or near surface of disturbed soils (Sencindiver and Ammons, 2000). Seventeen of 29 pedons described in Pennsylvania minesoils, aged 1 to 29 years had AC or Bw subsurface horizons (Ciolkosz et al, 1985). Haering et al (1993) observed Bw horizons in minesoils constructed from coal overburden strata consisting of siltstone, but in material containing more than 25% sandstone, only A, AC and C horizons were evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These disturbed soils are in theory quite "young" in the sense that time has not fully acted upon them, and they have not yet reached a state of equilibrium with the environment. However, several studies have noted that surface horizonation is evident in as little as three years post disturbance creating an A-C horizon sequence (Ciolkosz et al, 1985;Daniels and Amos, 1981;Shafer, 1980;Sencindiver and Ammons, 2000;Thurman and Sencindiver, 1986). This trend is credited to the acceleration of the soil physical and chemical processes performed by air, water and plant roots acting upon consolidated rock at the surface or near surface of disturbed soils (Sencindiver and Ammons, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Constructed Soils Along Four-Lane Highways in West Virginia

Miller¹,

Sencindiver²

2004

JASMR

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Abstract. Four-lane highways have been constructed in West Virginia since the 1960's. During the early construction periods of four-lane highways, geologic information was not assessed, nor was the effect of the disturbance of these geologic materials on soil quality established prior to construction activities. Due to the mountainous topography of the Central Appalachian region, the construction of four-lane highways requires large, expansive cut and fill areas that may contain acid or alkaline producing materials. The disturbance and mixing of these materials with the original soil produces "new" soil that differs considerably from the surrounding native soil. In order to evaluate highway substrate conditions and the development processes of these new soils, study areas along sections of highways have been selected for comparison based on differences in age and geologic parent materials. The long-term goal of this research is to improve selective soil handling of earth excavated during highway construction similar to that of mine overburden materials. Cut, fill and on-grade areas within sections of Interstates 68, 79, and 81 and Corridor H (U.S. Route 33 and State Route 55) have been randomly selected as sampling sites. Soil pits located at 10-m increments along transects perpendicular to these four-lane highways have been sampled at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths and described according to USDA methods. Surface samples also were taken near the edge of the highway. Field pH values of all sites ranged from 5 to 8. Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that thin A horizons develop within 1 to 2 years in rapidly weathering surface materials. In these young soils, little development is observed beneath a weakly developed A horizon, commonly creating an A-C1-C2 or A-AC-C horizon sequence. Soils of intermediate ages (9-12 yrs) were similar to young soils, although at some sites a more developed soil profile was occasionally observed (A-Bw-C1-C2). The most developed soil profiles were observed on sites where soils had been constructed 25 to 43 years ago. At these locations, multiple B horizon sequences were common creating A-Bw1-Bw2-C or A-Bw-BC-C horizons.

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Section: Summary Of Interstate Sitessupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Summary Of Corridor H Sitessupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of Constructed Soils Along Four-Lane Highways in West Virginia

Miller¹,

Sencindiver²

2004

JASMR

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“…Mine spoil, which refers to a mixture of coal seam, parent rock and subsoil [7,8]. Being deficient in plant nutrients due to lack of biologically rich top soil, mine spoil represents a disequilibriated geomorphic system [9,10], and poses problem for the process of pedogenesis [11][12][13], revegetation [7,14,15] and restoration [4,[16][17][18]. There have been reports about slow recovery process of mine spoil due to the constraints of microbial growth [19][20][21], and natural vegetational succession [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Mine Soil Genesis in Age Series Coal Mine Overburden Spoil in Chronosequence in a Dry Tropical Environment

Maharana¹

2013

J Phylogen Evolution Biol

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A pre-requisite to any revegetation plan, as well as restoration of degraded land is the knowledge of physicochemical characterization, which is crucial for prediction of ecological succession for mine overburden spoil, including soil texture, hydrological regimes, pH, organic carbon, nitrogen and extractable phosphorous. Effects of mining activities are markedly adverse, because many of the beneficial soil characteristics may require a long span of time to develop through pedogenic processes, in order to reach the native forest soil condition, which evaluates the degree of functional microbial processes for ecosystem recovery, and used as an index of the progress of soil genesis in mine overburden spoil. Mine spoil samples collected from six different age series overburdens showed progressive increase in clay (%) (r=0.982, p<0.001), water holding capacity and organic carbon, which indicates the development of soil structural stability, aggregation with the increase in age of overburden spoil. The pH of spoil samples was noted to be in acidic range (6.11-6.87). Approximately, 93.7% variability in clay (%) among different mine spoils can be explained due to the variation in organic carbon. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous content showed an improvement of 2 mg C/g spoil, 161 µg N/g spoil and 8 µg P/g spoil, respectively, over a period of 10 years. Thus, the net annual accumulation rate for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous on hectare basis amounted to 255 kg C/ha/yr, 20 kg N/ha/ yr and 1 kg P/ha/yr, respectively. Further, it was estimated that the mine overburden spoil to attain the soil features of nearby native forest soil at study site through the process of reclamation, shall take approximately 28 years.

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Bibliography

2011

Soil Genesis and Classification

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Characteristics, Genesis, and Classification of Pennsylvania Minesoils

Cited by 63 publications

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Properties of Constructed Soils Along Four-Lane Highways in West Virginia

Properties of Constructed Soils Along Four-Lane Highways in West Virginia

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Mine Soil Genesis in Age Series Coal Mine Overburden Spoil in Chronosequence in a Dry Tropical Environment

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