Characteristics, context and consequences of memory recovery among adults in therapy

Andrews, Bernice; Brewin, Chris R.; Ochera, Jennifer; Morton, John; Bekerian, D. A.; Davies, Graham; Mollon, Phil

doi:10.1192/bjp.175.2.141

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is of great concern that, unlike the great majority of qualified clinical psychologists, some alternative therapists continue to endorse mistaken ideas, for example, that people's conscious memories can go back to birth and that hypnotically retrieved memories are reliable (Andrews et al, 1999; Brewin & Andrews, 2014). These beliefs may foster the inappropriate practices we and others have identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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107

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SummaryUsing a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator‐based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self‐reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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107

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“…Memory recovery therapists believe that certain psychological symptoms are indicative of a history of childhood maltreatment. As such, according to survey data, therapists inside and outside of the United States engage in memory recovery procedures such as hypnosis, use of imagery/imagination, dream interpretation, age regression including hypnotic age regression, bibliotherapy, and symptom interpretation (Andrews et al, 1999;Ost, Wright, Easton, Hope, & French, 2013;Poole, Lindsay, Memon, & Bull, 1995;Yapko, 1994;see Lynn et al, 2015, for a review). Implementation of the aforementioned techniques is often accompanied by therapist suggestion that maltreatment occurred along with verbal statements that create expectancies denoting that recovering specific instances of maltreatment is plausible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Memory Recovery Techniques on Jurors’ Perceptions of Recovered Memories

Krackow

Long²

2016

IJPS

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The current study examined the impact of memory recovery techniques (guided imagery and dream interpretation) on mock jurors' perceptions of recovered memories. Participants (N = 181) were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes representing a therapist who uncovered memories of child sexual abuse in an adult female client using guided imagery, dream interpretation, technique concealed, or memories were continuous as opposed to recovered. Participants then responded to a series of questions regarding plaintiff credibility, defendant guilt, and external influences. Lower ratings of plaintiff credibility and defendant guilt emerged, along with higher ratings of external influence when guided imagery or dream interpretation was used by the therapist compared to when the technique was concealed. The same pattern of findings held when the dependent variables of interest reflected credible vs. not credible and guilty vs. not guilty decisions. The current study highlights the necessity of informing jurors as to the processes by which memories are recovered.

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“…They are, however, consistent with the accounts of therapists reporting on their patients. In our work (Andrews et al, 1999(Andrews et al, , 2000, detailed interviews with practising psychologists concerning 236 patients with recovered memory revealed that in 69% of cases recovery was from prior total amnesia. In the remaining 31% degree of prior knowledge varied from a vague sense or suspicion to partial familiarity with the events.…”

Section: In This Article Mcnallymentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics, context and consequences of memory recovery among adults in therapy

Abstract: Some of the data are consistent with memories being of iatrogenic origin, but other data clearly point to the need for additional explanations.

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

The Effects of Memory Recovery Techniques on Jurors’ Perceptions of Recovered Memories

Commentary on McNally “Is Traumatic Amnesia Nothing but Psychiatric Folklore?”

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