Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police

Garner, Joel H.; Maxwell, Christopher D.; Heraux, Cedrick G.

doi:10.1080/07418820200095401

Cited by 232 publications

(268 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

256

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…That is, police are more likely to respond in coercive and formalized ways when encountering hostile suspects or individuals not displaying the appropriate level of respect for their authority. Worden and Shepard (1996), for example, reported that disrespectful or hostile behavior toward officers in the context of domestic incidents was significantly related to arrest, findings confirmed by Garner, Maxwell, and Heraux (2002). Although much of the prior research demonstrated that demeanor was an important predictor of coercive authority, its impact was not certain; Worden and Pollitz (1984) and Feder (1999) found belligerence toward the officer was not significant in the arrest decision.…”

Section: Policing Domestic Violencesupporting

confidence: 56%

Police criminal charging decisions: An examination of post-arrest decision-making

Phillips

Varano

2008

Journal of Criminal Justice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scholars have encouraged studies of police decision-making to move beyond the arrest decision into research that broadens the understanding of police behavior. The criminal charge placed by officers against offenders is largely an untouched area of study. Examining criminal charging decisions goes beyond simple dichotomous decisions, such as arrest, but instead explores the area of police leniency or punitiveness. Randomly constructed vignettes describing a domestic violence incident were given to officers from four agencies. Officers indicated the criminal charges they would likely list against an offender if they were to make an arrest. Serious criminal charges were often supported by additional, but less serious, charges. Victim injury and an uncooperative offender were related to the decision to charge a misdemeanor offense. There was a significant negative relationship between the number of charges listed and more experienced officers and officers working in smaller agencies. The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Policing Domestic Violencesupporting

confidence: 56%

Police criminal charging decisions: An examination of post-arrest decision-making

Phillips

Varano

2008

Journal of Criminal Justice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Likewise, suspect demeanor has been identified as a prominent predictor of an officer's decision to use force (Adams 1999;Bayley and Garofalo 1989;Engel et al 2000;Friedrich 1980;Garner et al 2002;Geller and Toch 1995;Holmes et al 1998;Kavanagh 1994;Mastrofski et al 2002;Reisig et al 2004;Terrill and Mastrofski 2002;Worden 1995). Suspect demeanor, along with perceived resistance, was identified by Holmes et al (1998) as a significant factor in an officer's decision to use force.…”

Section: Demeanor In the Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Empirical examinations of the effects of demeanor within the context of criminal justice have typically been outcome oriented and principally focused on the effect of client demeanor on disposition within the courtroom (Bell and Land 1985;Davies et al 1995;Frazier 1979;Frazier et al 1980;Golding et al 2003;Goldman 1963;Golinvaux and Janeksela 1979;Leigh 1984;Mann 1980;Perry 1978) and arrest or use of force as a result of suspect demeanor (Adams 1999;Alpert et al 2004;Bayley and Garofalo 1989;Crawford 2000;Dutton 1988;Engel et al 2000;Friedrich 1980;Garner et al 2002;Geller and Toch 1995;Holmes et al 1998;Kavanagh 1994;Lundman 1974Lundman , 1994Lundman , 1996Mastrofski et al 1995;Mastrofski et al 2002;Novak et al 2002;Reisig et al 2004;Schafer 2005;Son et al 1998;Tedeschi and Felson 1994;Terrill and Mastrofski 2002;Worden 1995;Worden and Shepard 1996). The effect of demeanor within the courtroom has been identified as a salient predictor of sentencing outcomes.…”

Section: Demeanor In the Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Juvenile Drug Court Program Admission, Demeanor and Cherry-Picking: A Research Note

Barnes

Miller

et al. 2008

Am J Crim Just

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of demeanor in criminal justice research has predominantly centered on arrest and sanctioning outcomes. This study examines demeanor at the juncture of juvenile drug court admission by attributing behavior perceived to be favorable or unfavorable to program compliance and success to either juveniles or their parents/guardians. Analysis of 76 juvenile drug court case files enabled examination of how parent and child demeanor impacts specialty court admission. Findings suggest that program admittance (i.e., system leniency through diversion) is largely a function of projected attitude and behavior during screening interviews, but selection decisions are made irrespective of demeanor source. Implications of the findings for drug court processes and continued system involvement are discussed.

show abstract

“…NHST has attracted criticism from its inception (e.g., Berkson 1938;Boring 1919) and critics of the approach can be found in psychology (Gigerenzer 1987;Harlow et al 1997;Rozeboom 1960), medicine (Marks 1997), economics (Arrow 1959;McCloskey and Ziliak 1996), ecology (Anderson et al 2000;Johnson 1999) and criminology (Maltz 1994;Weisburd et al 2003). The critics can be prone to flowery hyperbole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size matters: Standard errors in the application of null hypothesis significance testing in criminology and criminal justice

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) has been a mainstay of the social sciences for empirically examining hypothesized relationships, and the main approach for establishing the importance of empirical results. NHST is the foundation of classical or frequentist statistics. The approach is designed to test the probability of generating the observed data if no relationship exists between the dependent and independent variables of interest, recognizing that the results will vary from sample to sample. This paper is intended to evaluate the state of the criminological and criminal justice literature with respect to the correct application of NHST. We apply a modified version of the instrument used in two reviews of the economics literature by McCloskey and Ziliak to code 82 articles in criminology and criminal justice. We have selected three sources of papers: Criminology, Justice Quarterly, and a recent review of experiments in criminal justice by Farrington and Welsh. We find that most researchers provide the basic information necessary to understand effect sizes and analytical significance in tables which include descriptive statistics and some standardized measure of size (e.g., betas, odds ratios). On the other hand, few of the articles mention statistical power and even fewer discuss the standards by which a finding would be considered large or small. Moreover, less than half of the articles distinguish between analytical significance and statistical significance, and most articles used the term Fsignificance_ in ambiguous ways.

show abstract

Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police

Cited by 232 publications

References 17 publications

Police criminal charging decisions: An examination of post-arrest decision-making

Police criminal charging decisions: An examination of post-arrest decision-making

Juvenile Drug Court Program Admission, Demeanor and Cherry-Picking: A Research Note

Size matters: Standard errors in the application of null hypothesis significance testing in criminology and criminal justice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About