Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in Shanghai, China

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

“…Frequently high concentrations of AHs were observed in other mega cities in China, such as Beijing [46,47,56], Shanghai [45], Hangzhou [57]. When compared to ambient levels of AHs observed in urban Guangzhou in autumn 2004 [58], our measurement in the similar period in 2009 revealed decreased mixing ratios for toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes.…”

“…Therefore PMF, a new receptor model technique limiting all the elements in the source profiles and the source contributions matrix to be positive, is an alternative choice to explore sources of AHs. It has been applied extensively in identifying VOC contributing sources at different locations in the world, such as Los Angeles [40], New Jersey and California [41], Boston [42], Ontario [43], Brisbane [44], Shanghai [45], and Beijing [46,47].…”

Species profiles and normalized reactivity of volatile organic compounds from gasoline evaporation in China

“…Alkenes also explained much larger fraction of reactivity (w20%) in liquid gasoline in this study than those (0.6e8.8%) in USA (Harley et al, 2000;Schauer et al, 2002). Previous studies already revealed that gasoline evaporation contributed substantially to ambient VOCs in China's megacities (Liu et al, 2008a;Yuan et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2010;Lau et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010;Ling et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012b), if gasoline vapor in China are much more enriched in reactive alkenes, gasoline evaporation would be an emission source quite important to regional ozone pollution in these megacities and their surrounding areas. Application of VRUs would greatly reduce the amount of gasoline evaporative loss and also lower the alkenes percentages in the refueling vapors, and therefore would benefit ambient ozone control in China; but fundamentally limiting alkenes in gasoline would help to lower the OFPs of gasoline vapor in China.…”

“…As addressed in GB 20950-2007, implementation of emission control in China's bulk gasoline terminals had been just required since May 1st 2008, January 1st 2010 and January 1st 2012, respectively, for the BeijingeTianjian region, the Pearl River Delta region and the Yangtze River Delta region, which are three major densely populated and economically developed city clusters or megacities in China. Receptor modeling based on observed data had revealed that VOCs from oil evaporation contributed 7e30% in Beijing (Yuan et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010), 15% in Shanghai (Cai et al, 2010), 4.3e7.6% in Hong Kong (Lau et al, 2010) and 5e10% in the Pearl River Delta region (Liu et al, 2008b;Ling et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012bZhang et al, , 2013 to the total man-made VOC emission.…”

Source Profiles and Chemical Reactivity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Solvent Use in Shanghai, China

“…According to the VOC emissions inventory by Huang et al (2011), solvent use, i.e., architecture paint and auto paint, accounted for 25% of the total VOC emission of Shanghai in 2007. From the result of the source apportionment by receptor model, solvent use and production contributed around 32% of the measured ambient VOCs during 2007 to 2010 (Cai et al, 2010), while a contribution of 20% was reported by Wang et al (2012) during the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. Apparently, the results obtained by various methods may differ to some extent, particularly those from the source apportionment by receptor model.…”