Characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Jiaxing, China

Zhao, Zhikai; Lv, Sheng; Zhang, Yihua; Zhao, Qianbiao; Shen, Lin; Xu, Shi; Yu, Jianqiang; Hou, Jingwen; Jin, Chengyu

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04205-2

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dust mainly comes from transportation, but dust and aerosols from salt lakes were important sources of PM2.5 in Xining. Dust and transport from salt lakes were important sources of PM2.5 in Xining, this is different from studies in other cities in China [62,63,68,73]. During spring and winter, the frequent occurrence of sand and dust contributed to a higher During spring and winter, the frequent occurrence of sand and dust contributed to a higher concentration of PM 2.5 in Xining.…”

Section: Pm 25 Source Apportionment In Xiningcontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…(1) The main species of Factor 1 were OC (46.5%) and EC (93.6%), which mainly originated from vehicle exhaust [61,62]. The high positive loading of nitrate was 93.2% in Factor 2, which suggested that the secondary conversion of nitrate made major contributions [63]. Factor 3 was characterized by high-loading sodium (61.1%) and potassium (60.8%) that mainly originated from salt lakes [64,65].…”

Section: Pm 25 Source Apportionment In Xiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temporal and Spatial Variation of PM2.5 in Xining, Northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

Yin

Duan

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PM2.5 was sampled from January 2017 to May 2018 at an urban, suburban, industrial, and rural sites in Xining. The annual mean of PM2.5 was highest at the urban site and lowest at the rural site, with an average of 51.5 ± 48.9 and 26.4 ± 17.8 μg·m−3, respectively. The average PM2.5 concentration of the industrial and suburban sites was 42.8 ± 27.4 and 37.2 ± 23.7 μg·m−3, respectively. All sites except for the rural had concentrations above the ambient air quality standards of China (GB3095-2012). The highest concentration of PM2.5 at all sites was observed in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer. The concentration of major constituents showed statistically significant seasonal and spatial variation. The highest concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were found at the urban site in winter. The average concentration of F− was higher than that in many studies, especially at the industrial site where the annual average concentration of F− was 1.5 ± 1.7 μg·m−3. The range of sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was 0.1–0.18 and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) was 0.02–0.1 in Xining. The higher SO42−/NO3− indicates that coal combustion has greater impact than vehicle emissions. The results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) suggest that air mass from middle- and large-scale transport from the western areas of Xining have contributed to the higher level of PM2.5. On the basis of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, it was found that aerosols from salt lakes and dust were the main sources of PM2.5 in Xining, accounting for 26.3% of aerosol total mass. During the sandstorms, the concentration of PM2.5 increased sharply, and the concentrations of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 1.13–2.70, 1.68–4.41, and 1.15–5.12 times higher, respectively, than annual average concentration, implying that aerosols were mainly from dust and the largest saltwater lake, Qinghai Lake, and many other salt lakes in the province of Qinghai. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was utilized to study the surface components of PM2.5 and F− was found to be increasingly distributed from the surface to inside the particles. We determined that the extremely high PM2.5 concentration appears to be due to an episode of heavy pollution resulting from the combination of sandstorms and the burning of fireworks.

show abstract

Section: Pm 25 Source Apportionment In Xiningcontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Pm 25 Source Apportionment In Xiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Variation of PM2.5 in Xining, Northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

Yin

Duan

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PM 2.5 containing complex chemical composition comes from both natural sources and anthropogenic emissions [34]. In urban areas, PM 2.5 is mainly generated from anthropogenic sources including both primary and secondary particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activation of antioxidant and apoptosis pathways involved in damage of human proximal tubule epithelial cells by PM2.5 exposure

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been reported to be harmful to the human kidney. However, whether the activation of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis plays key roles in the nephrotoxicity caused by PM 2.5 exposure is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity after PM 2.5 exposure in human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells).Results: PM 2.5 exposure resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, with an increase in LDH release and the early kidney damage marker kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in a dose-dependent manner and timedependent manner. PM 2.5 exposure induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and markedly elevated apoptosis in HK-2 cells. In addition, PM 2.5 exposure resulted in the activation of antioxidant pathway, as evidenced by the increased expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 and decreased expression of Keap1. Moreover, PM 2.5 exposure also induced the activation of apoptotic pathway, as evidenced by the increased expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 and decreased expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that both antioxidant pathway and apoptotic pathway played critical roles in the damage mediated by PM 2.5 in HK-2 cells. This study would give us a strategy to prevent the impairment of renal function by PM 2.5 induced through repression of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

show abstract

“…Moreover, studies [ 28 , 29 ] of Brazil, France, Iran and Italy also demonstrated the positive associations between PM exposure and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Ambient PM mainly comes from fossil fuel combustion and automobile exhaust, which contains toxic organic compounds such as benzopyrene and many heavy metals (e.g., lead, nickel and chromium) [ 30 ]. Previous clinical and toxicological studies have established several possible mechanisms for how PM and its components adversely impact the cardiovascular system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributable Risk and Economic Cost of Cardiovascular Hospital Admissions Due to Ambient Particulate Matter in Wuhan, China

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been previously documented, information about their economic consequence was insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the attributable risk and economic cost of cardiovascular hospitalizations due to ambient PM. Data of CVD hospitalizations and PM concentrations from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 were collected in Wuhan, China. A generalized additive model was applied to quantify the PM-attributable CVD hospitalizations, and total attributable hospitalization costs were calculated via multiplying the total attributable cases by the case-average hospitalization costs. A total of 45,714 CVD hospitalizations were included in this study. The results showed that a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at lag7 day, respectively, contributed to a 1.01% (95% confidence interval: 0.67–1.34) and 0.48% (0.26–0.70) increase in CVD hospitalizations. During the study period, 1487 and 983 CVD hospitalizations were attributable to PM2.5 and PM10, equaling an economic cost of 29.27 and 19.34 million RMB (1 RMB = 0.1424 USD), respectively, and significant differences in PM-attributable hospitalizations and economic burden were found between gender and age groups. Our study added evidence in heavily polluted megacities regarding the increased health risk and economic cost of CVD hospitalizations associated with ambient particulate pollution.

show abstract

Characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Jiaxing, China

Cited by 45 publications

References 81 publications

Temporal and Spatial Variation of PM2.5 in Xining, Northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

Temporal and Spatial Variation of PM2.5 in Xining, Northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

The activation of antioxidant and apoptosis pathways involved in damage of human proximal tubule epithelial cells by PM2.5 exposure

Attributable Risk and Economic Cost of Cardiovascular Hospital Admissions Due to Ambient Particulate Matter in Wuhan, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About