Characteristics and roles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibodies in patients with different severities of coronavirus 19

Huang, Zhifeng; Chen, H.; Xue, Mingshan; Huang, Huimin; Zheng, Peiyan; Luo, Wenting; Liang, Xueqing; Sun, Baoqing; Zhong, Nanshan

doi:10.1111/cei.13500

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…These results indicate that IgA and especially IgA2 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may be a better immunologic indicator for severe disease compared to IgG antibodies. This hypothesis is in accordance with studies describing higher SARS-CoV-2-specific, but also total, IgA levels in patients with severe COVID-19 compared to patients with moderate disease [ 25 , 26 ]. Antibody class switches from IgG to IgA1 or IgA2 are a frequent phenomenon [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA2 may indicate a state of immune dysregulation associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA seems to have a more dynamic course than IgG as it has also been shown that IgA specific for SARS-CoV-2, as well as SARS-CoV, disappears faster than the respective IgG [ 25 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

Staats

Pfeiffer

Knopf

et al. 2020

Cells

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Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to an adaptive immune response in the host and the formation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. While IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 have been characterized quite well, less is known about IgA. IgA2 activates immune cells and induces inflammation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation which may contribute to organ injury and fatal outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific antibody levels were measured in plasma samples of 15 noninfected controls and 82 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with no or mild symptoms, moderate symptoms (hospitalization) or severe disease (intensive care unit, ICU). Antibody levels were compared to levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and circulating extracellular DNA (ecDNA) as markers for general inflammation and NET formation, respectively. While levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG were similar in all patient groups, IgA2 antibodies were restricted to severe disease and showed the strongest discrimination between nonfatal and fatal outcome in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. While anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA2 levels correlated with CRP levels in severely diseased patients, only anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA2 correlated with ecDNA. These data suggest that the formation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA2 during SARS-CoV-2 infection is a marker for more severe disease related to NET formation and poor outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

Staats

Pfeiffer

Knopf

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…However, we failed to find any difference when blood samples were stratified for time since the onset of symptoms. The same evidence has been highlighted in the studies conducted by Huang and collegues and Hasan Ali and collegues where a higher IgA response was observed in critical and more sever patients [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Characteristic of IgA and IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian referral Covid-19 Hospital

Fiori

Ricci

Alfonso

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionAntibody response play a fundamental role in the natural history of infectious disease. A better understanding of the immune response in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection could be important for identifying patients at greater risk of developing a more severe form of disease and with a worse prognosis.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis to determine the presence and the levels of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA in a cohort of hospitalized patients with confirmed infection at different times in the natural history of the disease. Patients enrolled when admitted at the emergency department were prospectively followed up during hospital stay.ResultsOverall, 131 patients were considered with a total of 237 samples processed. Cross-sectional analysis showed that seroconversion for IgA seems to occur between days 5 and 15 while IgG response seems to occur slightly later, peaking at day 20 after symptoms onset. Both IgA and IgG were maintained beyond two months. Severe patients showed a higher IgA response compared with mild patients when analyzing optical density (8.3 versus 5.6, p < 0.001). Prospective analysis conducted on 55 patients confirmed that IgA appear slightly earlier than IgG. After stratifying for the severity of disease, both the IgA and IgG response was more vigorous in severe cases. Moreover, while IgG tended to stabilize, there was a relevant decline after the first month of IgA levels in mild cases.ConclusionIgA and IgG antibody response is closely related although seroconversion for IgA occurs earlier. Both IgA and IgG are maintained beyond two months. Severe patients showed a more vigorous IgA and IgG response. IgA levels seem to decline after one month since the onset of symptoms in mild cases.

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“…In details, the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA has been reported in the serum of seroconverting individuals in the first week after symptoms onset ( Padoan et al, 2020 ; Dahlke et al, 2020 ), IgA appeared first ( Huang et al, 2020 ) and were found in higher amount than IgG in the early stage of the infection ( Infantino et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, IgA levels were correlated to severity of the disease ( Huang et al, 2020 ). The IgA are transported in the mucus via transepithelial transport and could be present in saliva or oral fluid, where they are the main antibody isotype present ( Guo et al, 2020 ; Ceron et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies show that serum IgA are produced with time-dependent kinetics and in larger amounts than IgM ( Dahlke et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ), suggesting that IgA may be useful in the serological characterization of COVID-19-infected individuals and as an alternative and more reliable biomarker of early COVID-19 infection compared to IgM. In details, the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA has been reported in the serum of seroconverting individuals in the first week after symptoms onset ( Padoan et al, 2020 ; Dahlke et al, 2020 ), IgA appeared first ( Huang et al, 2020 ) and were found in higher amount than IgG in the early stage of the infection ( Infantino et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, IgA levels were correlated to severity of the disease ( Huang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual lateral flow optical/chemiluminescence immunosensors for the rapid detection of salivary and serum IgA in patients with COVID-19 disease

Roda

Cavalera

Nardo

et al. 2021

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

152

108

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To accurately diagnose COVID-19 infection and its time-dependent progression, the rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive determination of immunoglobulins A specific to SARS-CoV-2 (IgA) in saliva and serum is needed to complement tests that detect immunoglobulins G and M. We have developed a dual optical/chemiluminescence format of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) immunosensor for IgA in serum and saliva. A recombinant nucleocapsid antigen specifically captures SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patient specimens. A labelled anti-human IgA reveals the bound IgA fraction. A dual colorimetric and chemiluminescence detection enables the affordable and ultrasensitive determination of IgA to SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, a simple smartphone-camera-based device measures the colour signal provided by nanogold-labelled anti-human IgA. For the ultrasensitive chemiluminescence transduction, we used a contact imaging portable device based on cooled CCD, and measured the light signal resulting from the reaction of the HRP-labelled anti-human IgA with a H 2 O 2 /luminol/enhancers substrate. A total of 25 serum and 9 saliva samples from infected and/or recovered individuals were analysed by the colorimetric LFIA, which was sensitive and reproducible enough for the semi-quantification of IgA in subjects with a strong serological response and in the early stage of COVID-19 infection. Switching to CL detection, the same immunosensor exhibited higher detection capability, revealing the presence of salivary IgA in infected individuals. For the patients included in the study ( n = 4), the level of salivary IgA correlated with the time elapsed from diagnosis and with the severity of the disease. This IgA-LFIA immunosensor could be useful for noninvasively monitoring early immune responses to COVID-19 and for investigating the diagnostic/prognostic utility of salivary IgA in the context of large-scale screening to assess the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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Characteristics and roles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibodies in patients with different severities of coronavirus 19

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

IgA2 Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Correlate with NET Formation and Fatal Outcome in Severely Diseased COVID-19 Patients

Characteristic of IgA and IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian referral Covid-19 Hospital

Dual lateral flow optical/chemiluminescence immunosensors for the rapid detection of salivary and serum IgA in patients with COVID-19 disease

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