Characteristics and reduction assessment of GHG emissions from crop residue open burning in China under the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality

Development of high spatial resolution annual emission inventory of greenhouse gases from open straw burning in Northeast China from 2001 to 2020

“…Such a trend is consistent with those of carbonaceous gases and aerosols (CGA) emissions estimated by Liu et al, (2022). This discrepancy between fire spots and pollutant emissions in 2015 highlights the limitations of estimating pollutant emissions based solely on burned areas (Ke et al, 2019;Wu et al 2023). The combustion of corn and rice straw was identified as the primary contributors to CO2-eq emissions, accounting for 51.0% and 30.9% of the total emissions, respectively (Fig.…”

“…In addition, China committed to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which draws unprecedented challenges in reducing carbon emissions from open straw burning (Wu et al, 2023). As a significant grain-producing region in China, Northeast China produced 135 million tons of major grains (corn, rice, beans, and wheat) in 2020, accounting for 21.4% of total production in China (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2021).…”

“…However, the amounts of GHGs emissions in the northern Songnen Plain unexpectedly exceeded those in the eastern Songnen Plain and eastern Liao River Plain, suggesting that even low intensity fire spots can generate considerable emissions of GHGs due to higher FRP detected via remote sensing. Therefore, the FRP algorithm proves more effective than burned areas-based algorithms in identifying emission intensity resulted from open straw burning while reducing the uncertainty associated with high spatiotemporal resolution emission inventory (Wu et al, 2023). During Period Ⅰ (2001 -2012), average annual CO2-eq emission was at 3.75 Tg, and the cumulative CO2-eq emission amounted to 45.1 Tg.…”

“…The advent of satellite technologies, such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, remote sensing instrument), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS, remote sensing instrument), and Himawari-8 (geostationary satellite), has markedly revolutionized the monitoring of open straw burning, enabling real-time and high spatiotemporal resolution fire spot products to be accessible to the general public (Schroeder et al, 2014;Giglio et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2018;Zhuang et al, 2018;Lv et al, 2024). Many studies have effectively utilized the satellite fire spot products for constructing emission inventories, based on either the burned area or fire spot counts (FC) (Jin et al, 2018;Ke et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2021), and have improved the spatiotemporal resolutions of the emission inventories (Wu et al, 2023). With continuous enrichment of satellite data, a strong relationship was observed between fire radiative power (FRP) and emission amounts from open straw burning (Wu et al, 2023).…”

“…Many studies have effectively utilized the satellite fire spot products for constructing emission inventories, based on either the burned area or fire spot counts (FC) (Jin et al, 2018;Ke et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2021), and have improved the spatiotemporal resolutions of the emission inventories (Wu et al, 2023). With continuous enrichment of satellite data, a strong relationship was observed between fire radiative power (FRP) and emission amounts from open straw burning (Wu et al, 2023). Consequently, the FRP algorithm has been widely accepted for estimating emissions (Wooster et al, 2005; https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-980 Preprint.…”