Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Infection in Children: The Role of Viral Factors and an Immunocompromised State

Ogimi, Chikara; Englund, Janet A.; Bradford, Miranda C.; Qin, Xuan; Boeckh, Michael; Waghmare, Alpana

doi:10.1093/jpids/pix093

Cited by 151 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Clinical studies have shown that coronavirus infection severity was linked to patient health status and an immunocompromised state carried an increased risk of death 6,7 . Clinical studies have shown that coronavirus infection severity was linked to patient health status and an immunocompromised state carried an increased risk of death 6,7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodepletion with Hypoxemia: A Potential High Risk Subtype of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Tong

Shen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodepletion with Hypoxemia: A Potential High Risk Subtype of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Tong

Shen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In immunocompetent individuals they usually infect the upper respiratory tract, where they are mainly associated with 15-30% of upper respiratory tract infections (URI): rhinitis, laryngitis/pharyngitis as well as otitis. Being highly opportunistic pathogens [14], HCoV can reach the lower respiratory tract and be associated with more severe illnesses, such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, exacerbations of asthma and respiratory distress syndrome [17,31,[208][209][210][211][212][213][214].…”

Section: Human Coronaviruses: Eclosions Of Recognized Respiratory Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Desforges

Coupanec

Dubeau

et al. 2019

Viruses

893

993

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Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. Furthermore, as they can adapt fast and cross the species barrier, some of these pathogens, like influenza A and SARS-CoV, have occasionally caused epidemics or pandemics, and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. For a few decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that several respiratory viruses have neuroinvasive capacities, since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Viruses infecting human CNS cells could then cause different types of encephalopathy, including encephalitis, and long-term neurological diseases. Like other well-recognized neuroinvasive human viruses, respiratory viruses may damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuro-immunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly causes damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). The etiological agent of several neurological disorders remains unidentified. Opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of these disorders whose etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present a global portrait of some of the most prevalent or emerging human respiratory viruses that have been associated with possible pathogenic processes in CNS infection, with a special emphasis on human coronaviruses.

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“…2,[8][9][10] This is consistent with data for other coronaviruses, which do cause more severe infections in immunocompromised children. 11 To evaluate this, we used a flash survey to determine whether there was current evidence that pediatric patients with cancer in SARS-CoV-2 affected areas had been tested for this virus or had developed severe COVID-19 disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment

Hrušák

Kalina

Wolf

et al. 2020

European Journal of Cancer

173

169

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Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Infection in Children: The Role of Viral Factors and an Immunocompromised State

Abstract: The presence of a copathogen and host factors, including an immunocompromised state, were associated with increased risk for severe LRTD. Recognizing risk factors for severe respiratory illness might assist in risk stratification.

Cited by 151 publications

References 38 publications

Immunodepletion with Hypoxemia: A Potential High Risk Subtype of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Immunodepletion with Hypoxemia: A Potential High Risk Subtype of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment

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