Characteristics and influencing factors of rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow hazards in Shaanxi Province, China

Abstract

Abstract. Shaanxi Province, located in northwest China and spanning multiple hydroclimatic and geological zones, has many areas largely suffering from rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow. The objectives of this study are to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and identify their major controlling factors in this region based on a region-wide, comprehensive ground-survey-based hazard inventory dataset from 2009 to 2012. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and quantified the relationships between the occurrence rates of the two hazards and their influencing factors, including antecedent rainfall amount, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, terrain slope, land cover type and soil type. The results show that landslide has a higher occurrence rate and more extensive distribution than debris flow in this region, while the two hazards are both concentrated in the south with ample rainfall and steep terrains. Both of the hazards show clear seasonalities: July–September for landslide and July for debris flow. Rainfall characteristics (amount, duration and intensity) and slope are the dominant factors controlling slope stability across this region. Debris flow is more sensitive to these rainfall metrics on the high-value ranges than landslide in this region. Land cover is another influencing factor but soil type does not appear to impose consistent impacts on the occurrence of the two hazards. This study not only provides important inventory data for studying the landslide and debris flow hazards but also adds valuable information for modeling and predicting the two hazards to enhance resilience to these hazards in this region.

Efficient and Accurate 3-D Numerical Modelling of Landslide Tsunami

“…Types of landslides have strong regional differences, which are related to land cover, land use, and climate condition, etc. [45,46]. As previously reported, rigid slides produce more turbulence as well as greater wave runup and wave height.…”

Forecasting of Landslides Using Rainfall Severity and Soil Wetness: A Probabilistic Approach for Darjeeling Himalayas

“…The rainfall data of daily accuracy for Kalimpong town during 2010-2016 was collected from the rain gauge maintained by Save The Hills at Tirpai, Kalimpong (Save The Hills) as shown in Table 1. Heavy rainfall is generally associated with landslides [46][47][48][49][50][51] in hilly areas and hence it is important to identify the rainfall Water 2020, 12, 804 6 of 19 parameters which triggered landslides on a regional scale. The distribution of landslides and rainfall during the calibration period, from 2010 to 2016 is graphically represented in Figure 3.…”

Group-occurring landslides and debris flows caused by the continuous heavy rainfall in June 2019 in Mibei Village, Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, China

“…The results show that rainfall is the direct triggering factor of this kind of landslide and debris ow. Rain is mainly re ected in rainfall intensity and rainfall duration (Li et al 2019;Marin 2020;Zhang et al 2019), and terrain topography, geotechnical property, slope structure, and other factors affect the development characteristics and spatial distribution of hazards (Bhardwaj et al 2019;Huang et al 2019;Netto et al 2013;Wei et al 2020Wei et al ,2019. Under favorable topographical conditions, landslides caused by rain become the source of debris ow, and the disaster chain of landslide and debris ow is formed, resulting in more signi cant loss of life and property Fang et al 2016).…”