Characteristics and forecasting of respiratory viral epidemics among children in west China

Duan, Yifei; He, Jinlan; Cui, Yali; Li, Wensheng; Jiang, Yongmei

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000025498

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this study, a cohort of infants and young children with acute respiratory tract infections between January 2019 and March 2020 was established. RSV was detected in about 15% of patients in this cohort (Supplementary Table 1), which was comparable to RSV incidences reported for Shanghai (Liu et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019) and slightly lower than elsewhere in China (Yu et al, 2019;Duan et al, 2021;Sun et al, 2021). Number of RSV-A-infected cases was slightly higher than RSV-B, but the clinical profiles of RSV-A-positive and RSV-B-positive cases were highly similar: infection by either type was significantly associated with patient age younger than 1 year, absence of fever, and presence of wheezing/gasping symptoms (Supplementary Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Zhao

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV-A) is one of the commonest pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in infants and children globally. The currently dominant circulating genotype of RSV-A, ON1, was first detected in Shanghai, China in 2011, but little data are available regarding its subsequent circulation and clinical impact here. In this work, we analyzed RSV-A infection in a cohort of patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infections in Shanghai Children’s Hospital, and RSV-A was detected in ~10% of these cases. RSV-A G gene sequencing revealed that all successfully sequenced strains belonged to ON1 genotype, but in phylogenetic analysis, the majority of these sequences formed a clade separate from the four previously established lineages within ON1. The new lineage, denoted ON1-5, was supported by phylogenetic analyses using additional G gene sequences from RSV-A strains isolated in Shanghai and elsewhere. ON1-5 first appeared in 2015 in China and the Netherlands, and has since spread to multiple continents and gained dominance in Asia. In our cohort, ON1-5 was not associated with markedly different clinical presentations compared to other ON1 lineages. ON1-5 strains are characterized by four amino acid variations in the two mucin-like regions of G protein, and one variation (N178G) within the highly conserved CCD domain that is involved in receptor binding. These data highlight the continuous evolution of RSV-A, and suggest the possibility of the virus acquiring variations in domains traditionally considered to be conserved for fitness gain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Zhao

Wang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…As known, RSV and PIV3 are the most prevalent viruses in patients with ARI in China (1,(4)(5)(6)16). In the viral coinfection cohort, the most frequently co-detected virus was RSV (60.6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parainfluenza Viruses (PIVs) can cause various respiratory infections, ranging from mild upper respiratory illnesses in healthy adults to croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants and children, and severe lower respiratory infections in elderly and immunocompromised people (3). In China, Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV3) is the most virulent of the four PIV serotypes, accounting for 60 -70% of primary PIV infections, and the PIV3 infection frequency is approximately 2.56 -10.9% (1,(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Co-infection with Other Respiratory Pathogens Among Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Wuhan, China

Lu¹,

Cheng²,

Hu³

2023

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Bacterial and viral co-infections are increasingly recognized as the cause of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). The role of co-infection in ARI patients with Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV3) infection is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PIV3 co-infections in hospitalized children and assess the co-infections' role in ARI patients with PIV3 infections. Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2021, children were confirmed to have a PIV3 infection via throat swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates. Some digital clinical data were analyzed, including demographic, epidemiological, diagnostic, and laboratory data. Results: During the study period from 2018 to 2021, 2,539 patients were hospitalized with ARI caused by PIV3. Of them, 34.0% had co-infection with other pathogens, and 2.4% had co-infection with more than two pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most common co-infecting pathogen (71.3%), followed by other bacteria (13.3%) and viruses (8.2%). A significantly higher proportion of patients with M. pneumoniae co-infection was found in girls (χ2 = 19.233, P < 0.001). Co-infections with M. pneumoniae were observed principally in patients aged 1 – 2 years (χ2 = 202.130, P < 0.001). In contrast, viral (56.3%) and bacterial (66.1%) co-infections occurred mainly in children younger than one year. The diagnosis of PIV3 as a single infection included pneumonia (41.2%), bronchitis (39.9%), upper respiratory tract infections (15.0%), and laryngitis (3.9%), which were distinguished from those with bacterial co-infections (χ2 = 16.424, P = 0.001) and co-infections with more than two pathogens (χ2 = 11.687, P = 0.010). Co-infections of PIV3 with any pathogen were not associated with admissions to intensive care units or ventilator support. However, the mean hospitalization was significantly higher in M. pneumoniae co-infections (t = 2.367, P = 0.018), bacterial co-infections (t = 2.402, P = 0.016), and co-infections with more than two pathogens (t = 2.827, P = 0.006) than in single PIV3 infection. Conclusions: Parainfluenza virus type 3 frequently occurs with other pathogens. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of co-infections with different pathogens differed. Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infections, bacterial co-infections, and co-infections with more than two pathogens lengthened the hospitalization. Bacterial co-infections and co-infections with more than two pathogens increased the severity of ARI and worsened the symptoms.

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“…Relevant studies have shown that controlling the spread of respiratory viruses is conducive to the growth and development of children. Since the immune and respiratory systems of infants and preschool children are not yet mature, early viral respiratory tract infections may have an adverse effect on lung development and increase the risk of incident asthma ( 10 ). ARTIs caused by viruses are the major cause of death and illness among children under 5 years of age ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research group collected relevant data and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of ARTIs caused by respiratory viruses in children before the outbreak of COVID-19 ( 10 ). At present, few studies have shown the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic, and the incidence, age of onset, and seasonal changes in respiratory viruses in children remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chengdu, China

Gao,

Wang,

Yan

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic (1 March 2020–28 February 2022). This study investigated respiratory viral specimens from children with ARTIs. A total of 7,092 children (<14 years) with ARTIs were included in this study, with a boy-to-girl ratio of 1.43. The median age was 1 year and 5 months. The average age of the patients was 2.7 ± 3.1 years. Patients < 3 years of age were the main population with ARTIs (67%). The predominant viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (10.1%) and influenza virus (A and B 9.7%) during the 2 years of the pandemic (1 March 2020–28 February 2022). The proportion of positive viral test results among patients with ARTIs < 6 years of age was higher than that among patients with ARTIs aged 6–14 years (17.3% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.01). RSV infections were more common among patients < 3 years of age ( P < 0.01). Influenza A infections were more common among patients aged 3–6 years ( P < 0.01). Influenza B infections were more common among patients aged 6–14 years ( P < 0.01). The positive proportion among boys was higher than that among girls (14.4% vs. 8.6%, P < 0.01). Peak virus infections occurred in the autumn and winter seasons, and the lowest activity level occurred in the spring and summer of the 2 years. Compared with that before the epidemic, the number of samples and positive proportion of respiratory viruses decreased significantly. IMPORTANCE During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the Chinese government launched and used a series of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including banning social gatherings, wearing face masks, home isolation, and maintaining hand hygiene, to control the disease spread. Whether and how NPIs influence other respiratory viruses in children remain unclear. In this article, we analyzed relative data and found that the number of samples and positive proportion of respiratory viruses decreased significantly compared with that before the epidemic. Clinicians and public health policymakers should pay attention to changes in the epidemic trends and types of respiratory viruses and maintain monitoring of respiratory-related viruses to avoid possible abnormal rebounds and epidemic outbreaks of these viruses.

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Characteristics and forecasting of respiratory viral epidemics among children in west China

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype

Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Co-infection with Other Respiratory Pathogens Among Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Wuhan, China

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chengdu, China

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