Characteristics and Exploitation of Rare Earth, Rare Metal and Rare-Scattered Element Minerals in China

Denghong, Wang; Sun, Yan; Dai, Hongzhang; Guo, Weiming; Zhi, Zhao; Zhao, Tianyu; Li, Jiankang; Wang, Chenghui; Fan, Hong‐Rui; Yu, Yang; Li, Dexian

doi:10.15302/j-sscae-2019.01.017

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Groundwater environments different in redox state often show positive or negative anomalies of Eu and Ce normalized against North American Shale Composite (NASC) [28][29][30], i.e., the concentration of Eu or Ce in the sample is higher or lower than that in NASC (Eu* or Ce*), respectively. Generally, Eu/Eu* < 1 or Ce/Ce* > 1 indicates an oxidizing environment, while Eu/Eu* > 1 or Ce/Ce* < 1 represents a reducing environment [31]. As all the thermal water samples collected show Ce/Ce* < 1 and Eu/Eu* much higher than 1 (Table 1), indicating that the geochemical environment of the geothermal reservoir is highly reducing.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Geothermal Reservoir Environmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microbial Community Composition in Thermal Waters from the Lindian Geothermal Field (Songliao Basin, North-Eastern China)

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Water

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Geothermal systems represent discrete and relatively homogenous habitats for extremophiles; investigation into the microbial community is key to revealing the geochemical environment and the geochemical evolution of fluids in geothermal reservoirs. The reservoir of the Lindian geothermal field in Northeast China, is highly reducing and rich in methane, but the pathways of methane generation and the related microbial community structure are still unclear. In this research, five thermal water samples were collected and tested, and the microbial community structure and diversity were analyzed. The results show that in the sandstone reservoir belonging to the low-temperature (reservoir temperature < 90°C) brackish water (total dissolved solids concentration between 1000 and 10,000 mg/L) environment, the richness of the microbial community is relatively high. The microbial community structure is different from other geothermal systems reported but similar to that of oilfields, which may be related to the highly reducing geochemical environment with abundant organic matter. According to the analysis of archaeal function, the biogas production in the Lindian geothermal field is dominated by hydrogen nutrition type methane production, while the H2 reducing methylamine type methane production is secondary, and results of Pearson correlation show that the archaeal communities are more strongly correlated to physicochemical factors than the bacterial communities.

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Section: Characteristics Of Geothermal Reservoir Environmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microbial Community Composition in Thermal Waters from the Lindian Geothermal Field (Songliao Basin, North-Eastern China)

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Water

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“…14H is typically structure in Mg-Zn-Gd alloy system. It is difficult to form 14H in the alloy containing Li because of the increased stacking fault energy of Mg, which is unfavorable for Gd and Zn solute atoms to be segregated along the stacking fault plane [ [34]]. With the addition of Ag into Mg-Gd alloy, the formation energy of the Ag-containing γ″ phase is lower and γ″ phase is more easily formed [ [35]].…”

Section: Solidification Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutions of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Mg–5Li–1Zn–0.5Ag–0.5Zr–xGd Alloy

Qian

Sun

et al. 2023

Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.)

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The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy system with nominally composition 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, 4.8,6) is evaluated based on computational phase diagram and corresponding experimental studies. The results show that grains are significantly refined with the increase of Gd content. The main phases of as-cast alloys are α-Mg, β-Li, AgLi 2 Mg, and Mg 3 Gd. With the increase of Gd content, the amounts of Mg 3 Gd phase and β-Li phase have been increased. When the Gd content exceeds 3.6 wt%, Mg 3 Gd phase precipitates in a form of the network at the grain boundaries. The precipitation of β-Li can be attributed to the competitive dissolution of Zn, Gd, and Li in Mg. Meanwhile, γ″ is formed after the addition of Gd, which grows and transforms into γ′ with the increase of Gd content. In solidification process, stacking faults are formed by solid transformation of partial α-Mg and Mg 3 Gd. Eventually, with the synergistic effect of Mg 3 Gd, β-Li, and γ″ (or γ′), as the Gd content increasing, the tensile strength of the alloy first increases, then decreases, and the elongation decreases. When the content of Gd is 4.8 wt%, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength reach the maximum values of 227 MPa and 139 MPa, and the elongation is 18.1%, respectively.

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“…Celestine (SrSO 4 ) and strontianite (SrCO 3 ) are the only two valuable minerals rich in Sr [2][3][4]. However, celestine deposits are the main exploitable Sr deposits in the world [5,6]. Celestine ore bodies usually occur in marine carbonates and evaporites from the Silurian to the Pliocene in layers [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China

et al. 2023

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There are many celestine deposits and mineralization points in the Huayingshan ore district which form the largest strontium resource base in China. Among these celestine deposits, the Yuxia and Xinglong are two of the larger deposits. Previous studies have displayed different views on the genesis of the celestine deposit in the Huayingshan ore district. In this study, we conducted field obversions, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion studies to investigate the sources of ore-forming matters and the metallogenic mechanism of the celestine deposit. Four types of fluid inclusion (FI), namely PL (pure liquid FI), PV (pure vapor FI), L-V (liquid-vapor two-phase FI), and L-V-S (liquid-vapor-solid three-phase FI) have been identified in celestine from different types of ore in the Xishan anticline. The ore-forming fluids belong to the NaCl-H2 O system with moderate to low temperature (190–220 °C) and moderate salinity (5–9 wt%, NaCl equiv.). Different types of ores were formed by the same period of hydrothermal activity, which is supported by the results of the microthermometer study. Geological, thermometric data, and published hydrogen and oxygen isotope results indicate that the hot brines associated with mineralization mainly originated from meteoric water and some of diagenetic fluid. The Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076–0.7078) and S (δ34S = 36.4–39.0) isotope values of celestine are consistent with those of the Jialingjiang Formation, indicating that ore metals in hot brines were predominantly derived from that formation. In situ analysis of celestine shows that there is a strong negative correlation between Sr and CaO (R2 = 0.95) and combined with mineralogical and isotope geochemical evidence, we concluded that the precipitation mechanism of celestine is the replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines. Based on the above research and the classification of celestine deposit type, we classified the celestine deposits in Huayingshan as being of hydrothermal type. The formation of celestine deposits can be divided into three periods: (1) evaporation period, forming the source bed; (2) hydrothermal activity period, forming celestine by replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines; (3) supergene period, where meteoric water dissolves orebodies and strontianization occurs.

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Characteristics and Exploitation of Rare Earth, Rare Metal and Rare-Scattered Element Minerals in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Microbial Community Composition in Thermal Waters from the Lindian Geothermal Field (Songliao Basin, North-Eastern China)

Microbial Community Composition in Thermal Waters from the Lindian Geothermal Field (Songliao Basin, North-Eastern China)

Evolutions of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Mg–5Li–1Zn–0.5Ag–0.5Zr–xGd Alloy

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China

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