Characteristics and Classification of Choroidal Caverns in Patients with Various Retinal and Chorioretinal Diseases

Guo, Xiaohong; Zhou, Ruhong; Gu, Chenyang; Wu, Yingjie; Liu, Hui; Chang, Qing; Wang, Min

doi:10.3390/jcm11236994

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After EZ, also ONL has been an object of study and the researchers have seen that it begins to be affected in the intermediate stages. [21]. Although we believe that only 11 patient RPs, with unspeci ed characteristics, are a small number to study their choroidal structure, we would like to deepen our data with respect to the 2 types of classi cation that Guo et al have identi ed in their research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Generally, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer persist relatively well preserved in severe RP cases. Many studies measured overall retinal thinning in RP patients due to the thickness reduction of external layers [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, we report a study byGuo et al who evaluated the possible characteristics of the pachychoroidal spectrum in normal subjects and with various pathologies, including 11 RP patients[21]. Although choroidal caverns usually occur in patients with geographic atrophy, pachychoroid spectrum disease, RPE atrophy, Stargardt, Best, and photoreceptors dystrophies, they are also seen in normal eyes[21,25,29].Guo et al have classi ed the small and usually lobulated caverns, present in the choroidal capillary and Sattler's layers as Type I and the caverns larger, usually isolated, and present in the Sattler's and Haller's layers as Type II. The number, width, and thickness of type II choroidal caverns correlated positively with macular choroidal thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in a Cohort of Caucasians With Retinitis Pigmentosa

Nebbioso,

Mastrogiuseppe,

Gnolfo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background To assess the prevalence of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular findings in patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and to compare choroidal and macular structural changes in eyes affected by retinal dystrophies with healthy controls. Observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Three hundred seven patients with RP were consecutively enrolled and underwent clinical assessment. In particular, the SD-OCT images were used to ascertain the morphology of the posterior pole of patients with RP by evaluating the residual ellipsoid zone (EZ), volume and thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), and subfoveal choroid thickness (SCT). At the same time, the pathological findings that reduce the vision of the patients under treatment were analyzed, such as cystoid macular edema (CME), lamellar macular hole (LMH), vitreomacular traction (VMT), epiretinal membranes (ERM), and the presence of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Results Four hundred thirty-six eyes of 218 patients with RP were studied. The mean age was 52.17 years (±17.25 SD). The mean of foveal central macular thickness (FCMT) was 270.91 µm (± 74.04 SD). The macular overall area was divided into four sections and for each section thickness and volume were noted. Considering all eyes, 103 had CME (23.62%), whose 37 (16.97% of all patients) were bilateral; 123 (28.21%) of the eyes had VMT and 36 (16.51% of all patients) of them were bilateral; ERM were found in 199 (45.75%) eyes and in 67 (30.73% of all patients) cases were bilateral. There were also found 12 (2.75%) cases of LMH, whose 3 (1.38% of all patients) cases were bilateral. Only 137 eyes (31.42%) didn’t have the alterations described above. SCT was significantly reduced compared to that of the group of control (193.03 µm ± 67.90 SD vs. 295 um ± 69.04 SD); while FCMT was higher (270.91 µm ± 74.04 SD vs. 221 um ± 37,25 SD). Conclusions The causes of the pathologies found are discussed after a careful evaluation of the most recent international scientific bibliography. The structural tests, in addition to the objective, subjective, and psychophysical ones, will be very useful for the monitoring and treatment of patients affected by a serious tapeto-retinal rare hereditary disease, currently the most widespread in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in a Cohort of Caucasians With Retinitis Pigmentosa

Nebbioso,

Mastrogiuseppe,

Gnolfo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Ideally, eyes would be treatment naïve and subsequently followed with imaging to determine possible evolution of CCs pre-and post-treatment as well as CC association with intraocular inflammation and treatment routes. Future studies using Swept Source OCT should measure the size [26] and quantify the number of caverns, as well as determine if there are associations between size/quantity and various uveitides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Choroidal Caverns in Patients with Posterior and Panuveitis

Begaj

Yuan

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Choroidal caverns (CCs) have been described in association with age-related macular degeneration and pachychoroid disease. However, it is unknown if caverns are found in patients with chronic non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Herein, we evaluated patients with NIU who had optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography for CCs. Clinical and demographic characteristics were extracted from the chart review. Univariate and multivariate mixed-effects logistical models were used to assess the association between clinical and demographic factors and the presence of CCs. One hundred thirty-five patients (251 eyes) met the inclusion criteria: 1 eye had anterior uveitis, 5 had intermediate uveitis, 194 had posterior uveitis, and 51 had panuveitis. The prevalence of CCs was 10%. CCs were only observed in patients with posterior and panuveitis, with a prevalence of 10.8% and 7.8%, respectively. Multifocal choroiditis (MFC) was the type of uveitis where CCs were most frequently observed, with 40% of eyes with MFC having CCs. In addition, male sex (p = 0.024) was associated with CCs. There was no significant difference in the degree of intraocular inflammation or mean subfoveal choroidal thickness between CC+ and CC− eyes. This is the first study to describe CCs in uveitis. Overall, these findings suggest that caverns may be a sequela of structural and/or vascular perturbations in the choroid from uveitis.

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