Characteristics and causes of Taiwan's extreme rainfall in 2022 January and February

Huang, Shao-Chin; Huang, Wan‐Ru; Wu, Yi-chao; Yu, Yi-Chiang; Chu, Jung‐Lien; Jou, Ben Jong‐Dao

doi:10.1016/j.wace.2022.100532

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This dataset was derived from various data from the Central Weather Bureau, Water Resources Agency, Taiwan Power Company, and Irrigation Association (Weng & Yang, 2018). This dataset has been widely used in understanding the rainfall characteristics over Taiwan (Henny et al, 2021; Huang et al, 2022). The variables used here were surface daily averaged temperature ( T avg ), surface daily maximum temperature ( T max ) and rainfall.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pacific–Japan pattern on temperature and heatwave events in summer over Taiwan

Tseng,

Lin,

Wang

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The prediction of heatwave events is vital to provide information on possible hazards caused by extremely high temperature. The Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern is a significant climate variability that controls the summer climate over East Asia. Previous studies have reported that the meridional propagating wave structure associated with the PJ pattern can modulate summer temperature and heatwave characteristics over northeast Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan. Nevertheless, its impacts on the subtropical regions, including Taiwan, a mountainous subtropical island with an approximate population of 24 million, is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the impacts of the PJ pattern on the summer temperature and heatwave characteristics in Taiwan on the interannual timescale using long‐term station‐based temperature and rainfall dataset. We found an island‐wide increase in temperature during the positive phase of the PJ pattern, which is characterized by an anticyclonic anomalous circulation over Taiwan. Meanwhile, the averaged effective area and frequency of heatwave extremes over Taiwan have increased significantly, indicating an increase of exposure to heatwaves. Our examinations of large‐scale environment suggest that the adiabatic warming due to subsidence anomaly associated with the anticyclone over Taiwan is primary contributor of surface warming, which is balanced by diabatic cooling and meridional advective cooling on a seasonal timescale. Our study consolidated the links between the PJ pattern as a climate driver, hot summers and increased summer heatwave events over Taiwan. By combining with the seasonal prediction systems and early warning systems, such understanding can help sectors that are vulnerable to heat stress to prepare for potential hazards.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pacific–Japan pattern on temperature and heatwave events in summer over Taiwan

Tseng,

Lin,

Wang

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Similarly, in 2022, Taiwan received the third highest winter rainfall in the country's history during January to February. As per Huang et al (2022), Taiwan normally receive its winter rainfall from the precipitation system originating in the northern South China Sea without frontal structure. However, in the year 2022, contrary to the normal rainfall pattern, the winter monsoon induced orographic rainfall penetrated the country along with the frontal rainfall, thereby bringing about 130% higher rainfall than the normal.…”

Section: Investigation Of Causes and Characteristics Of Monsoon Extre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the year 2022, contrary to the normal rainfall pattern, the winter monsoon induced orographic rainfall penetrated the country along with the frontal rainfall, thereby bringing about 130% higher rainfall than the normal. The occurrence of this extreme storm event was also linked to the enhanced winter background circulation, which included an enhancement of the regional northeasterly wind at 925 hPa in conjunction with the enhancement of the southwesterly wind conveying moisture at 700 hPa, due to which a vigorous convection zone extending from the southeastern Bay of Bengal to Taiwan was censured for the extreme rainfall in January to February 2022 [26]. A similar 24-hour extreme rainfall event was witnessed in Auckland (New Zealand) on 14th January 2023, when the city received about 258 mm of rainfall, making it the wettest day in the city on record with the total rainfall of about 539 mm was received in January over the city [27].…”

Section: Investigation Of Causes and Characteristics Of Monsoon Extre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Causes and Characteristics of Monsoon Extremes in Pakistan: A Case Study for Summer Monsoon 2022

H. Shah,

Qureshi,

Yassin

et al. 2023

TJIEM

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Apart from the long-term changes in the normal weather patterns, the occurrence of short-lived extreme meteorological events has also emerged as a major consequential aspect of global climate change. Pakistan being listed among the most susceptible nations to the changing global climate patterns has witnessed an increasing frequency of extreme summer monsoon rainfall events during the past decades. This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the major meteorological factors that lead to the extreme summer monsoon precipitation in Pakistan in 2022. The results obtained from the study showed that in April 2022, Balochistan observed 1.5 to 6 °C, Sindh observed 2 to 4 °C, while Punjab and KPK observed 3 to 5.5 °C above normal temperatures (1961-2010). In May, Sindh and Balochistan observed 1 to 3.5 °C above normal temperature, consequently causing intense low-pressure conditions over the area. In April 2022, about 1 to 2.5 mb below normal air pressure was found in Sindh and Balochistan, while in May, about 1 to 3 mb below normal pressure was found over the area. The summer monsoon 2022 analysis showed that in July, about 0.2 to 4 mb above normal vapor pressure was found in Sindh and Balochistan, while Punjab reported 1 to 5 mb above normal vapor pressure. In August, Balochistan and Sindh recorded 1 to 5 mb, while Punjab recorded 1.5 to 5 mb above normal vapor pressure. Further, the extreme monsoon precipitation was more concentrated in Sindh and Balochistan, as compared to the other provinces. In July 2022, Sindh received 307 %, Balochistan received 450 %, while Punjab received 116% above normal rainfall. In August, Sindh received the highest rainfall (+726% above normal) followed by Balochistan with the rainfall departure as +590%. Conclusively, it was established that the unusual pre-monsoon heating over the arid plains in Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab resulted in the development of intense trough over the area, that pulled excess moisture from the Indian ocean, causing high vapor pressures

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“…Further analysis reveals that the elevated JF 2022 rainfall is primarily associated with rainy systems originating from South China or the northern South China Sea, lacking a frontal structure. Consequently, southern Taiwan witnessed a more than 130% increase in JF 2022 rainfall compared to the JF climate mean [31].…”

Section: Model and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Erosion in Taiwan

Chen,

Nguyen,

Huang

2023

Agriculture

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Soil erosion is a complex process involving material detachment, transportation (mainly by water, occasionally by wind), and eventual deposition when energy wanes. Human activities like tillage and construction can exacerbate soil erosion. Various forms of water erosion, such as sheet erosion, pedestal erosion, rills, piping, and gullying, are recognized. This pioneering study aims to comprehensively model water erosion across Taiwan at a 20 m spatial resolution, a departure from previous research focusing on smaller scales. Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, it seeks to examine the significant issue of soil erosion in Taiwan beyond agricultural areas and enable cross-regional comparisons. A large number of stations and the most recent data were used to establish the distributions of the rainfall runoff erosivity factor and the soil erodibility factor. In addition, we used the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and a locally derived empirical equation to compute the cover-management factor. The topographic factor was determined using the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA). The support practice factor was analyzed using two different methods using datasets on World Urban Areas and Global Urban Boundaries from the literature. The analysis showed that despite the difference in the support practice factor, Taiwan’s resulting average yearly soil erosion rates are very similar (200.7 Mg ha−1 year−1 and 207.4 Mg ha−1 year−1). The amounts were validated against five watersheds that were instrumented with erosion pins. With prediction ratios ranging from 1.04 to 1.82 across four of the five watersheds, our findings provide empirical support for the alignment of our model with soil erosion pin measurements, especially within the Tsengwen reservoir watershed. However, it is noteworthy that these results also exhibit a tendency towards conservative estimations in the remaining watersheds. Our calculated estimate, falling within the range of 201–207 Mg ha−1 year−1, plausibly represents the upper limit of mean soil erosion in Taiwan. This assertion is predicated on the deliberate omission of local soil conservation measures from our study, a decision necessitated by the absence of comprehensive and detailed island-wide data. Despite this limitation, our results instill confidence in the robustness of our methodological approach, thereby suggesting that our estimation of soil erosion in Taiwan provides a reliable approximation.

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Characteristics and causes of Taiwan's extreme rainfall in 2022 January and February

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of Pacific–Japan pattern on temperature and heatwave events in summer over Taiwan

Impact of Pacific–Japan pattern on temperature and heatwave events in summer over Taiwan

Investigation of Causes and Characteristics of Monsoon Extremes in Pakistan: A Case Study for Summer Monsoon 2022

Soil Erosion in Taiwan

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