Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater

Abstract

Groundwater system is very vital to humanity and the ecosystem. Aquifers are determined based on the absence or presence of water table positioning, that is, confined, unconfined, leaky aquifers and fractured aquifers. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the characteristic and assessment of groundwater within the scope of vertical distribution of GW, types of the aquifer system, types of SW-GW interface, and SW-GW interaction at both local and regional scales. The properties of the aquifer depend on the physical characteristics of the materials (porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific storage, and hydraulic conductivities) which are determined by techniques like resistivity surveys and pumping tests followed by remote sensing and geographic information system for better information on the groundwater system. Furthermore, understanding the SW-GW interactions through available methods (seepage meter, heat tracer, and environmental tracer) is useful in watershed management, that is, risk management and assessment of the aquifer system.

Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

“…After all of these stages are competed, the final index will be described to measure or determine the water quality status. The previous study indicates that the information obtained from the WQI can usually be utilized for the specified purposes, such as (1) to assist the community and the policymakers in avoiding subsequent biased views and subjective assessments [63], (2) to compare water quality from multiple sources and locations without a highly rigorous evaluation of water quality data [74], (3) to provide water authorities and the wider community with an overall water quality status [75] and (4) to study the environmental quality impacts of administrative policies and environmental programs [76].…”

“…Furthermore, an increase in urbanization, construction, agricultural activities, industrial applications, and natural processes has adversely impacted the quality of surface water and groundwater, and its effects on human health throughout the world, as shown in Figure 1 [2]. Water quality is usually classified into biological, physical, and chemical parameters, and there are several parameters for each category [3]. The evaluation of these three categories, based on parameters through field monitoring Figure 1.…”

Microbial community structural response to variations in physicochemical features of different aquifers

“…Thus, there is no groundwater exchange among the regions. Because aquifers in different geographical locations have different types and degrees of disturbances, they are typically subject to different environmental influences ( Akhtar et al, 2020 ). As shown in Figure 1 , Cele County (CL), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is a typical plains oasis city, and most of the surrounding area is desert ( Zhang et al, 2001 ).…”

Identification of Aquifer Potential by Geoelectric Method in Gedangsari District, Gunungkidul Regency

“…To be able to float as an aquifer, a rock must be porous or hollow that is related to each other, so that it can store and let water move from cavity to cavity. The properties of aquifers depend on the physical characteristics of the material such as porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific storage, and hydraulic conductivity determined by techniques such as resistivity surveys and pumping tests followed by remote sensing and geographic information systems for better information on groundwater systems [10].…”